Этические последствия применения искусственного интеллекта при создании объектов интеллектуальной собственности: проблемы авторства, владения и ответственности

Цель: осуществить критическую оценку этических вопросов, связанных с использованием искусственного интеллекта при разработке объектов интеллектуальной собственности, с акцентом на проблемы авторства, права собственности, оригинальности и ответственности.

Методы: исследование базируется на всестороннем анализе существующей нормативной правовой базы и прецедентного права в области интеллектуальной собственности и искусственного интеллекта. Проведен систематический обзор научной литературы, включающий публикации в рецензируемых научных журналах и аналитические отчеты, посвященные этическим аспектам применения искусственного интеллекта, законодательству в сфере интеллектуальной собственности и трансформации цифрового ландшафта. Осуществлено критическое обобщение научных аргументов и теоретических дискуссий относительно этического статуса искусственного интеллекта как создателя и соавтора творческих произведений. Выполнена оценка систем искусственного интеллекта через призму концепций справедливости, подотчетности и прозрачности.

Результаты: выявлено отсутствие юридического признания искусственного интеллекта в качестве автора или изобретателя в большинстве правовых систем мира, где парадигма интеллектуальной собственности по-прежнему основана на человекоцентричных представлениях о творчестве и изобретательстве, что создает регуляторный пробел. Установлена значительная неясность в вопросах владения и подотчетности, поскольку искусственный интеллект, не обладая правосубъектностью, порождает этическое затруднение относительно того, должна ли интеллектуальная собственность, созданная автономной системой, принадлежать разработчику, пользователю, поставщику данных или оставаться в общественном достоянии. Определены риски предвзятости и эксплуатации в креативных индустриях, где искусственный интеллект обучается с использованием материалов, защищенных авторским правом, без разрешения или компенсации их создателям. Зафиксирован переход к двойным этическим стандартам вследствие юрисдикционных и отраслевых различий в отношении произведений, созданных с помощью искусственного интеллекта, что порождает несправедливые глобальные различия в защите прав интеллектуальной собственности.

Научная новизна: представлен многогранный междисциплинарный анализ, интегрирующий правовую, этическую и технологическую сферы исследования проблематики интеллектуальной собственности, создаваемой с использованием искусственного интеллекта. Разработана концептуальная основа для комплексного решения этических и нормативных вопросов, возникающих в связи с произведениями, созданными при участии искусственного интеллекта, включая обоснование необходимости правовой реформы с учетом этических императивов современного технологического развития.

Практическая значимость: исследование содержит этически обоснованные рекомендации для законодателей, юристов-практиков и разработчиков технологий по внесению поправок в законодательство об интеллектуальной собственности, позволяющие эффективно решать вопросы авторства, права собственности и подотчетности в отношении произведений, созданных при помощи искусственного интеллекта, обеспечивая баланс между стимулированием инноваций и защитой прав человека-творца.

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