digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2025.27burdttdigitallaw-590Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИEthical Implications of Using Artificial Intelligence in Intellectual Property Creation: Authorship, Ownership and Responsibility IssuesЭтические последствия применения искусственного интеллекта при создании объектов интеллектуальной собственности: проблемы авторства, владения и ответственностиhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-5686-230XАфувапеК.AfuwapeK.

Афувапе Колаволе – магистр права в области международного энергетического права, преподаватель, Школа права.

131001, Харьяна, г. Сонипат, район Джагдишпур, ул. Сонипат Нарел

Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=59496613300

WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/LPP-5259-2024

Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2tZOhdcAAAAJ

Kolawole Afuwape – LLM International Energy Law and Policy, Lecturer, Jindal Global Law School, O.P. Jindal Global University.

Sonipat Narela Road, Near Jagdishpur Village, Sonipat 131001, Haryana

Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=59496613300

WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/LPP-5259-2024

Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=2tZOhdcAAAAJ

afuwapekolawole@gmail.comГлобальный университет имени О.П. ДжиндалаИндияO.P. Jindal Global UniversityIndia20252712202534677704Copyright © Afuwape K., 20252025Афувапе К.Afuwape K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/590Objective

Objective: to critically assess the ethical issues related to the use of artificial intelligence in the development of intellectual property objects, with an emphasis on the problems of authorship, ownership, originality and responsibility.

Methods

Methods: the research uses a comprehensive analysis of the existing regulatory framework and case law in the field of intellectual property and artificial intelligence. A systematic review of the scientific literature includes publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals and analytical reports on the ethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence, legislation in the field of intellectual property and the transformation of the digital landscape. The author provides a critical synthesis of scientific arguments and theoretical discussions regarding the ethical status of artificial intelligence as an author and co-author of creative works. The study assesses artificial intelligence systems through the prism of fairness, accountability and transparency concepts.

Results

Results: the lack of legal recognition of artificial intelligence as an author or inventor was revealed in most legal systems worldwide; the intellectual property paradigm is still based on human-centered ideas about creativity and invention, which creates a regulatory gap. The study established significant ambiguity in the fields of ownership and accountability, since artificial intelligence, without legal personality, creates an ethical problem: should the intellectual property created by an autonomous system belong to the developer, user, data provider or remain in the public domain. The author identified the risks of bias and exploitation in creative industries where artificial intelligence is trained using copyrighted materials without permission or compensation to their creators. There has been a shift towards double ethical standards due to jurisdictional and sector differences in relation to works created using artificial intelligence. This promotes unfair global differences in the protection of intellectual property rights.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: the author presented a multifaceted interdisciplinary analysis that integrates the legal, ethical and technological fields of research on intellectual property created using artificial intelligence. The developed conceptual framework may help to comprehensively solve the ethical and regulatory issues arising in connection with works created with the participation of artificial intelligence, including the justification of the need for legal reform, taking into account the ethical imperatives of modern technological development.

Practical significance

Practical significance: The study contains ethically grounded recommendations for legislators, legal practitioners, and technology developers to amend intellectual property legislation to effectively address issues of authorship, ownership, and accountability in relation to works created using artificial intelligence. The recommendations may ensure a balance between stimulating innovations and protecting the rights of a human author.

Цель

Цель: осуществить критическую оценку этических вопросов, связанных с использованием искусственного интеллекта при разработке объектов интеллектуальной собственности, с акцентом на проблемы авторства, права собственности, оригинальности и ответственности.

Методы

Методы: исследование базируется на всестороннем анализе существующей нормативной правовой базы и прецедентного права в области интеллектуальной собственности и искусственного интеллекта. Проведен систематический обзор научной литературы, включающий публикации в рецензируемых научных журналах и аналитические отчеты, посвященные этическим аспектам применения искусственного интеллекта, законодательству в сфере интеллектуальной собственности и трансформации цифрового ландшафта. Осуществлено критическое обобщение научных аргументов и теоретических дискуссий относительно этического статуса искусственного интеллекта как создателя и соавтора творческих произведений. Выполнена оценка систем искусственного интеллекта через призму концепций справедливости, подотчетности и прозрачности.

Результаты

Результаты: выявлено отсутствие юридического признания искусственного интеллекта в качестве автора или изобретателя в большинстве правовых систем мира, где парадигма интеллектуальной собственности по-прежнему основана на человекоцентричных представлениях о творчестве и изобретательстве, что создает регуляторный пробел. Установлена значительная неясность в вопросах владения и подотчетности, поскольку искусственный интеллект, не обладая правосубъектностью, порождает этическое затруднение относительно того, должна ли интеллектуальная собственность, созданная автономной системой, принадлежать разработчику, пользователю, поставщику данных или оставаться в общественном достоянии. Определены риски предвзятости и эксплуатации в креативных индустриях, где искусственный интеллект обучается с использованием материалов, защищенных авторским правом, без разрешения или компенсации их создателям. Зафиксирован переход к двойным этическим стандартам вследствие юрисдикционных и отраслевых различий в отношении произведений, созданных с помощью искусственного интеллекта, что порождает несправедливые глобальные различия в защите прав интеллектуальной собственности.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: представлен многогранный междисциплинарный анализ, интегрирующий правовую, этическую и технологическую сферы исследования проблематики интеллектуальной собственности, создаваемой с использованием искусственного интеллекта. Разработана концептуальная основа для комплексного решения этических и нормативных вопросов, возникающих в связи с произведениями, созданными при участии искусственного интеллекта, включая обоснование необходимости правовой реформы с учетом этических императивов современного технологического развития.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: исследование содержит этически обоснованные рекомендации для законодателей, юристов-практиков и разработчиков технологий по внесению поправок в законодательство об интеллектуальной собственности, позволяющие эффективно решать вопросы авторства, права собственности и подотчетности в отношении произведений, созданных при помощи искусственного интеллекта, обеспечивая баланс между стимулированием инноваций и защитой прав человека-творца.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.