Objective: to experimentally check the ability of publicly available neural networks to solve formalized criminal law problems with a pre-established normatively correct result.

Methods: a set of complementary methods of scientific cognition helped to achieve the work objective. The methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction formed the general scientific basis, which made it possible to systematically comprehend the issues under study. Among special legal tools were formal legal analysis and official interpretation of legal norms, which ensured the rigorous normative assessment of the results obtained. The key empirical research method was a controlled experiment, organically combined with modeling law enforcement situations and a comparative analysis of the answers of six publicly available neural networks to identical criminal law problems.

Results: during the experiment, publicly available neural networks showed significant discrepancies in the accuracy and consistency of answers to formalized criminal law problems: none of the tested models demonstrated a stable and error-free result. In the absence of direct reference to the relevant legal sources, the models systematically made mistakes when determining the term of conviction expungement, applying the rules for sentencing, and determining the type of recidivism of crimes. This indicates reproductive rather than analytical-legal nature of the models. Providing accurate quotations from regulations and explanations of the Russian Supreme Court Plenum significantly improves the correctness of answers from certain neural networks. The most and least effective models were identified, as well as the basic requirements for drafting a legally correct query in the field of criminal proceedings.

Scientific novelty: the study is an attempt to experimentally check the capabilities of publicly available neural networks in relation to specific criminal law problems with a pre-established normatively correct answer. The results obtained made it possible to propose the typology of errors made by neural networks, reveal their procedural causes, and identify the fundamental limitations of using generative artificial intelligence in law enforcement.

Practical significance: the results can be used in law enforcement and education: to determine the acceptable limits of using publicly available neural networks in criminal proceedings; to develop methodological recommendations for making legally correct queries to generative artificial intelligence systems; and to prevent typical errors when using neural networks in professional legal activity.

Objective: to investigate the process of implementing an Integrated Electronic Case Management System in Zimbabwean judicial system; to describe key problems, results achieved and lessons learned in order to facilitate access to justice and overall effectiveness of judicial proceedings.

Methods: the research was carried out in the genre of applied doctrinallegal analysis with a descriptive approach to the phased implementation of the Integrated Electronic Case Management System. The methods used included studying legislation, analyzing the technical architecture of the system, integrating stakeholders and operational impacts, as well as a systematic review of internal reports of the Judicial Service Commission (JSC) of Zimbabwe, support service query logs, user registration statistics and empirical observations of the implementation stages and the change management program.

Results: the introduction of the Integrated Electronic Case Management System automated the full cycle of the judicial process, from electronic filing of documents to the execution of decisions and appeals. It provided a noticeable increase in transparency and accountability through online case tracking and audit logs. Case review rates in higher instances increased, while accumulation of cases significantly decreased. Online registration mechanisms, virtual hearings, electronic signatures and online payments were introduced. At the same time, systemic obstacles were identified – unstable electricity supply, limited Internet access in remote areas, a shortage of devices, a low level of digital literacy, language barriers, and concerns about cybersecurity.

Scientific novelty: the article presents a comprehensive empirical analysis of the nation-wide digitalization of judicial proceedings in Zimbabwe, which demonstrates the relationship between technological transformations and institutional parameters of independence, accountability, and access to justice. The author substantiated the role of a phased strategy and change management programs as conditions for sustainable digital transformation of the judicial system.

Practical significance: the results provide practical recommendations for court administrators and policy makers: preference for phased implementation; strengthening infrastructure support and electronic registration centers; large-scale training programs; strengthening cybersecurity and harmonizing legislation to ensure inclusive, reliable and sustainable development of electronic justice.

Objective: to explore the advantages, challenges and implications of integrating technologies, particularly online dispute resolution, into the dispute resolution system in India, with a particular focus on consumer protection disputes.

Methods: the authors use general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as systematic, functional and comparative-legal approaches to systematically study the concept of online dispute resolution, its historical evolution and practical application with an emphasis on mediation procedures. The work is based on a doctrinal, qualitative approach with an analysis of current legislation, consumer protection standards, and the practice of judicial systems.

Results: The results obtained indicate that online technologies significantly increase the efficiency and accessibility of dispute resolution. However, in India, their development faces serious obstacles, including the technical illiteracy of the population, the digital divide, concerns about the security and confidentiality of personal data, and the lack of clear regulatory legal documents. These restrictions hinder equal access to justice and highlight the need to develop comprehensive public policies and improve digital infrastructure. The work revealed a complementary role of artificial intelligence, electronic mediation and blockchain technology in ensuring fair and effective resolution of consumer disputes.

Scientific novelty: it consists in a comprehensive review of the role of online dispute resolution within the Indian consumer protection system, taking into account modern technological transformations. The authors identify technological, legal and ethical issues that arise in this process and offer a vision of how digital transformation affects the administration of justice in the field of consumer protection.

Practical significance: The study highlights the critical importance of strengthening digital infrastructure, increasing the level of digital and legal literacy of the population, and creating legislation to support the effective implementation of online dispute resolution in the Indian justice system. The work contains suggestions and recommendations for public and judicial authorities, technology developers and all stakeholders involved in the integration of digital tools into resolving consumer disputes, while ensuring fairness, inclusiveness and equal access for all participants in legal relations.

Objective: to propose an effective legal mechanism for regulating the use of artificial intelligence in the space sector with a focus on preventing harmful effects and preserving the peaceful and purposeful use of technology.

Methods: the research uses the method of comparative legal analysis, doctrinal legal reasoning and scenario analysis of escalation risks. It provides a normative historical analysis of the main treaties of international space law and state practices, comparing them with the approaches of international environmental law focused on achieving specific results. The author additionally relies on the analysis of precedent documents and public policy initiatives illustrating the actual practices of militarization and commercialization of space infrastructure.

Results: the study demonstrates that existing international treaty mechanisms do not provide sufficient regulation for dual-use artificial intelligence systems. It identifies gaps in definitions, codification of responsibility, and control mechanisms for autonomous actions. An alternative regulatory approach is proposed, focused not on regulating the technology per se, but on prohibiting specific harmful results (formation of orbital debris, uncontrolled autonomous attacks, signal suppression, etc.). Based on this logic, the author developed a concept of an international agreement with a mandatory annex listing prohibited uses of artificial intelligence and mechanisms for holding states accountable.

Scientific novelty: a result-oriented approach to regulating artificial intelligence in space was formalized and justified from a legal point of view, adapting the prohibition model to modern dual-use threats. A typology of prohibited consequences was proposed and correlated with the existing international responsibility institutions.

Practical significance: the proposal may serve as the basis for the development of an international treaty or an add-on to international space law. It provides a tool for national licensing and control, facilitates the coordination of positions between states and private operators, and is aimed at preserving innovation while minimizing risks to the sustainability of space activities.

Objective: to develop an international legally binding preventive tool establishing a comprehensive ban on the development, production and use of autonomous weapons systems that function without meaningful human control.

Methods: the research is based on an interdisciplinary approach combining methods of comparative-legal analysis of existing international conventions in the field of disarmament; system modeling of the institutional mechanism of implementation; forecasting potential threats to international security; expert consensus in the field of international humanitarian law; and conceptual design of terminological apparatus for differentiating prohibited autonomous and permissible automated weapons systems through the prism of the meaningful human control doctrine.

Results: the work formed an architecture of international legal regulation, including: a legally strict definition of autonomous weapons systems and the concept of meaningful human control; a system of absolute obligations of participating states to prohibit the development, production, acquisition, transfer and use of autonomous systems; imperative requirements for the destruction of existing systems within an eight-month period; an institutional mechanism for the prohibition of autonomous weapons systems; a multicomponent verification regime covering national declarations, scheduled and unscheduled inspections; procedures for international cooperation and technical assistance; and mechanisms of legal liability for violations of convention obligations.

Scientific novelty: the work proposes a preventive regime to ban military technologies before their mass deployment, based on the conceptual inadmissibility of delegating decisions on using lethal force to technical systems. This is a qualitatively new approach in the architecture of international disarmament. The category of “meaningful human control”, introduced into scholarly-legal discourse, is characterized by criteria of information sufficiency, the possibility of effective intervention and the establishment of responsibility. This creates a regulatory-legal basis for distinguishing legitimate and prohibited weapons systems under technological convergence of artificial intelligence and the military-industrial complex.

Practical significance: the Convention creates the necessary legal conditions to prevent a potentially destabilizing arms race in the field of autonomous systems; to minimize the risks of uncontrolled escalation of armed conflicts; to eliminate gaps in legal responsibility when using lethal force; and to ensure compliance with the fundamental principles of international humanitarian law under technological transformation of the military sphere. The document can be used by the legislative bodies of states while implementing national measures; the diplomatic corps in international negotiations; international organizations while shaping control standards; defense agencies when developing weapons systems; and the scientific community in the field of legal and technical research.

Objective: to substantiate the need for an integrative approach to legal and spiritual-moral education of young people under digitalization of society; to develop a scientifically based model for the prevention and correction of cyberaddictive behavior by synthesizing legal, pedagogical and ethical components.

Methods: the research uses a set of theoretical and empirical methods, including dialectical and systematic approaches, analysis and synthesis, modeling and forecasting. Comparative-legal and historical legal analysis was applied to study the evolution of legislation in the field of digital security. The authors conducted an interdisciplinary analysis of the achievements of computer science, sociology, psychology and pedagogy and used a system-structural approach to study the interaction of government structures, educational and civil society institutions.

Results: the study revealed significant fragmentation of legislation and the absence of federal digital hygiene programs, which hinders the formation of legal awareness among young people. The authors proposed a definition of cyberaddictive behavior as a complex personal and legal deviation affecting the basic behavioral norms and indicating a crisis of the value system. They developed a conceptual model to form the “digital immunity” of youth, integrating legal regulation, educational technologies, and psychological support. Key areas of improvement identified are the adoption of special legislative initiatives, the introduction of programs for the development of digital legal culture, and the creation of interdepartmental mechanisms for early diagnosis and correction of digital deviations.

Scientific novelty: the work conceptualizes cyberaddiction as a multidimensional legal and value challenge of the digital generation. An interdisciplinary model of education was developed that takes into account the transformation of legal consciousness under digitalization. New definitions of key concepts were proposed, as well as a systematic approach to the prevention of pathological forms of digital behavior. “Digital socialization” was conceptualized as a special area of legal education.

Practical significance: the results obtained are applicable in educational programs and standards; for developing the course “Fundamentals of digital legal culture”; for training accredited specialists in cyberaddiction prevention; for creating interdepartmental digital hygiene programs at the national, departmental and educational levels. The proposed measures contribute to the formation of critical thinking, digital literacy, self-regulation skills and resistance to manipulation in cyberspace among young people.