<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2023.1</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LCCOJJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Creating the Metaverse: Consequences for Economy, Society, and Law</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Создание метавселенной: последствия для экономики, социума и права</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1773-5268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филипова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Filipova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филипова Ирина Анатольевна – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры трудового и экологического права</p><p>StartFragment Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/R-1375-2016" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/R-1375-2016; </ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID:<ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57327205000" ext-link-type="uri"> https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57327205000</ext-link>;</p><p>Google Scholar ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=opJc7fcAAAAJ" ext-link-type="uri">https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=opJc7fcAAAAJ;</ext-link> </p><p>РИНЦ Author lD: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=461586" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=461586</ext-link></p><p>603922, г. Нижний Новгород, проспект Гагарина, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Filipova – PhD (Law), Associate Professor, Department of Labor and Environmental Law Nizhniy Novgorod</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/R-1375-2016" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/R-1375-2016;</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57327205000" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57327205000</ext-link>;</p><p>Google Scholar ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=opJc7fcAAAAJRSCI" ext-link-type="uri">https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=opJc7fcAAAAJRSCI</ext-link>;</p><p>Author lD: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=461586" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=461586</ext-link></p><p>23 prospekt Gagarina, Nizhniy Novgorod 603922</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinafilipova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Нижегородский государственный университет имени Н. И. Лобачевского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Filipova I.A., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Филипова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Filipova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/7">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/7</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to deﬁne the degree of inﬂuence of such developing technological ﬁeld as metaverse on various spheres of society and to identify the need for reaction on the part of law.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the key method used for the research is the systemic-structural method, which allows establishing connections between various elements of the society as a complex system, analyzing the regularities generated by the spreading inﬂuence of metaverse prototypes in one sphere on other ones. Additional methods used are formal-logical, comparative-legal methods, as well as the methods of legal modeling and forecasting.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the practical implementation of the metaverse concept will open new opportunities for people, but will be accompanied by drastic changes in the economic subsystem of the society, in particular, the multifold growth of the share of virtual economy and structural changes in employment. The changes will also occur in the social subsystem: the social links and the education models will transform, new personal demands will occur. Changes in the economic and social spheres will entail the need to adapt law to them, in order to preserve the eﬀective legal regulation of social relations. Also, it should be noted that the metaverse will increase the capabilities of not only people but also the artiﬁcial intelligence, for which virtual environment is actually the “natural” one. Legal norms must provide protection of a human under the increased virtual component in people’s lives, accompanied by intellectualization of the environment.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientiﬁc novelty</title><p>Scientiﬁc novelty: the author has systematically analyzed the changes taking place in various spheres of the modern society in connection with the development of the technological ﬁeld of metaverses; highlighted the key issues arising due to the said development and requiring legal solution both at the constitutional level and at the level of sector legislation; and proposed the necessary changes in legal regulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the research materials can be used when preparing proposals on changes and amendments in the current legislation, as well as in pedagogical activity, in particular, for implementation of educational courses or modules related to law under digital transformation of the society.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: определение степени влияния такого развивающегося технологического направления, как метавселенные, на различные сферы общества и выявление потребностей в реагировании со стороны права.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: основным методом, используемым при проведении исследования, является системноструктурный метод, позволяющий установить связи между разными элементами общества как сложной системы, проанализировать закономерности, порождаемые распространением влияния прототипов метавселенных в одной сфере на другие. В качестве дополнительных применяются формально-логические, сравнительно-правовой, а также методы правового моделирования и прогнозирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: реализация концепции метавселенной на практике от кроет новые возможности для людей, но будет сопровождаться серьезными изменениями в экономической подсистеме общества, в частности многократным ростом доли виртуальной экономики и структурными сдвигами в занятости. Изменения коснутся и социальной подсистемы: трансформируются социальные связи, модели обучения, появятся новые потребности личности. Перемены в экономической и социальной сферах повлекут необходимость адаптировать к ним право в целях сохранения эффективности правового регулирования общественных отношений. Необходимо учитывать и то, что метавселенная увеличит возможности не только людей, но и искусственного интеллекта, для которого виртуальная среда является практически «естественной». Нормы права должны обеспечить защиту человека в условиях увеличения виртуальной составляющей в жизни людей, сопряженной с интеллектуализацией среды.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: системно проанализированы изменения, происходящие в различных сферах современного общества в связи с развитием технологического направления метавселенных, выделены основные вопросы, возникающие из-за этого развития и требующие правовых решений как на уровне конституции, так и на уровне отраслевого законодательства, предложены необходимые изменения в правовом регулировании.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: материалы исследования могут быть использованы в работе по подготовке предложений о внесении изменений и дополнений в действующее законодательство, а также в педагогической деятельности, в частности, при реализации учебных курсов или модулей, связанных с правом, в условиях цифровой трансформации общества.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виртуальная реальность</kwd><kwd>дополненная реальность</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>киберпространство</kwd><kwd>метавселенная</kwd><kwd>нейроправа</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>цифровая платформа</kwd><kwd>цифровой аватар</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artiﬁcial intelligence</kwd><kwd>augmented reality</kwd><kwd>cyberspace</kwd><kwd>digital avatar</kwd><kwd>digital platform</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>meta-universe</kwd><kwd>neural rights</kwd><kwd>virtual reality</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research had no sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алабина, Т. А., Дзангиева, Х. С., Юшковская, А. А. (2022). Метавселенная как глобальный тренд экономики. Экономика. Профессия. Бизнес, 1, 5–12. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/lyhnip. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14258/epb202201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adrian, A. (2010). Beyond grieﬁng: Virtual Crime. Computer Law &amp; Security Review, 26(6), 640–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2010.09.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов, В. В. (2013). Виртуальное право: основные проблемы нового направления юридических исследований. Известия высших учебных заведений. Правоведение, 2, 93–114. https://elibrary.ru/qbkcff</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akyeşilmen, N. (2021). Editorial preface: towards a cyber dictatorship. Cyberpolitik Journal, 6(11), VI–VIII. Alаbinа, T. A., Dzangieva, K. S., &amp; Yushkovskaya, A. A. (2022). The metaverse as a global economic trend. Economics Profession Business, 1, 5–12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14258/epb202201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов, В. В. (2019). Действие правовых норм в цифровом медиапространстве и семантические пределы права. Правоведение, 1, 8–27. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ynkvva. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2019.101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov, P. E. (2022). Identiﬁcation of a person with his game avatarin game metaverse. Everyday practices in video games. Sign: problematic ﬁeld in media education, 1(43), 53–61. (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.47475/2070-0695-2022-10106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов, В. В. (2022). Персонажи (аватары) в многопользовательских компьютерных играх: вопросы правовой квалификации в свете междисциплинарных исследований. Закон, 3, 58–74. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/lnqrtj. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37239/0869–4400–2022–18–3–58–74</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov, V. V. (2013). Virtual law: main problems of the new direction of legal studies. Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Pravovedenie, 2, 93–114. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов, П. Е. (2022). Отождествление человека с его игровым аватаром в рамках игровых метавселенных. Повседневные практики в видеоиграх. Знак: проблемное поле медиаобразования, 1(43), 53–61. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/qseysc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47475/2070-0695-2022-10106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov, V. V. (2019). The effect of legal norms in the digital media space and the semantic limits of law. Pravovedenie, 63(1), 8–27. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2019.101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ваторопин, А. С., Ваторопин, С. А., Тепляков, И. И., Чевтаева, Н. Г. (2022). Метавселенная: перспективы создания и социальные последствия. Теория и практика общественного развития, 4, 19–25. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/xhrwef. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2022.4.2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arkhipov, V. V. (2022). Personages (avatars) in multiuser computer games: issues of legal qualiﬁcation in the light of interdisciplinary research. Zakon, 3, 58–74. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2022-18-3-58-74</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глущенко, Г. И. (2021). Развитие виртуальной миграции в контексте цифровизации. ДЕМИС. Демографические исследования, 2, 57–64. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/gdmvre. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.2.4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brenner, S. W. (2008). Fantasy Crime: The Role of Criminal Law in Virtual Worlds. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law, 11(1), 1–97.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуров, О. Н., Конькова, Т. А. (2022). Метавселенные для человека или человек для метавселенных. Искусственные общества, 17(1). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/nuucyx. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18254/S207751800019011–1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bylieva, D., Bekirogullari, Z., Lobatyuk, V., &amp; Nam, T. (2021). How Virtual Personal Assistants Inﬂuence Children’s Communication. In Knowledge in the Information Society. PCSF 2020 (pp. 112–124). Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–3–030–65857–1_12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Денисов, Э. И. (2019). Роботы, искусственный интеллект, дополненная и виртуальная реальность: этические, правовые и гигиенические проблемы. Гигиена и санитария, 98(1), 5–10. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/vtgtgb. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18821/0016–9900–2019–98–1–5–10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheong, B. C. (2022). Avatars in the metaverse: potential legal issues and remedies. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439–022–00056–9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добрякова, Г., Близнец, И. (2022). Цифровые вселенные (метаверсы) – права на образ аватара и NPC. Интеллектуальная собственность. Авторское право и смежные права, 2, 54–58. https://elibrary.ru/cxfcmg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D’Cunha, C. (2021). A State in the disguise of a Merchant: Tech Leviathans and the rule of law. European Law Journal, 27, 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12399</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуков, В. А. (2022). Право и этика метавселенной. Закон, 7, 148–164. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/yjyuch. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37239/0869–4400–2022–19–7–148–164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denisov, E. I. (2019). Robots, artiﬁcial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality: ethical, legal and hygienic issues. Hygiene and Sanitation, 98(1), 5–10. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18821/0016–9900–2019–98–1–5–10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заславский, Д. А. (2021). Аватар как средство самопрезентации личности в виртуальной среде. Инновации. Наука. Образование, 48, 1909–1914. https://elibrary.ru/ruevsy</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobryakova, G., &amp; Bliznets, I. (2022). Digital universes (metaverses) – rights for images of avatar and NPC. Intellektual’naya sobstvennost’. Avtorskoe pravo i smezhnye prava, 2, 54–58. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малашенко, Г. Т., Шестаков, Д. Ю. (2022). Национальная экономическая безопасность в эпоху метавселенных. Вестник Московского университета МВД России, 3, 339–343. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/brxtdn. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24412/2073–0454–2022–3–339–343</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duranske, B. T. (2008). Virtual Law. Navigating Legal Landscapes of Virtual Worlds. Chicago: American Bar Association.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минбалеев, А. В. (2022). Проблемы гражданско-правовой защиты личных неимущественных прав в процессе цифрового профилирования граждан. Гражданское право, 2, 9–11. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/tqolti. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18572/2070–2140–2022–2–9–11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M. et al. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мочалов, А. Н. (2021). Цифровой профиль: основные риски для конституционных прав человека в условиях правовой неопределенности. Lex russica, 74(9), 88–101. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/qfedzo. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17803/1729–5920.2021.178.9.088–101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorchenko, S. (2020). Artiﬁcial intelligence phenomenon: citizen between digital avatar and political interface. Journal of Political Research Volume, 4(2), 34–57. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.12737/2587–6295–2020–34–57</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Наумов, В. Б. (ред.). (2020). Правовые и этические аспекты, связанные с разработкой и применением систем искусственного интеллекта и робототехники: история, современное состояние и перспективы развития: монография. Санкт-Петербург.: НП-Принт. https://elibrary.ru/rkhlue</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedoseeva, R. R., &amp; Egarmin, P. A. (2022). Digital avatars and communication in the digital environment. Nauchnotekhnicheskie Innovatsii i Veb-tekhnologii, 1, 84–88. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Недзвецкая, Н. П., Простаков, И. И. (2022). Виртуальная реальность цифрового социума. Философия хозяйства, 3(141), 208–217. https://elibrary.ru/zyxbjl</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fick, N., Miscik, J., Segal, A. et al. (2022). Confronting Reality in Cyberspace: Foreign Policy for a Fragmented Internet. Independent Task Force Report No. 80. Washington: Council on Foreign Relations.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Резаев, А. В., Стариков, В. С., Трегубова, Н. Д. (2020). Социология в эпоху «искусственной социальности»: поиск новых оснований. Социологические исследования, 2, 3–12. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/zmuozb. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250008489–0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filipova, I. A. (2022). Neurotechnologies in law and law enforcement: past, present and future. Law Enforcement Review, 6(2), 32–49. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(2).32-49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рожкова, М. А. (2020). Цифровые права: публично-правовая концепция и понятие в российском гражданском праве. Хозяйство и право, 10, 3–12. https://elibrary.ru/psbnmh</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glushchenko, G. I. (2021). Development of Virtual Migration in the Context of the Ongoing Digitalization. DEMIS. Demographic Research, 1(2), 57–64. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.19181/demis.2021.1.2.4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов, П. П., Филатова, М. А. (2021). Проблемы уголовно-правовой охраны виртуального игрового имущества. Всероссийский криминологический журнал, 15(6), 744–755. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ippqdm. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17150/2500–4255.2021.15(6).744–755</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurov, O. (2022). Panel discussion “The processes of reality creation: metaverses of visionaries and projects of its embodiment” (2022, March 30). Artiﬁcial Societies, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.18254/S207751800020299–7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тимшин, Ю. П. (2022). Формирование правовой модели использования объектов авторских прав в виртуальном пространстве метавселенных. Юридическая наука, 6, 172–177. https://elibrary.ru/riwbjy</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gurov, O., &amp; Konkova, T. (2022). Metaverses for Нuman or Human for Metaverses. Artiﬁcial Societies, 17(1). (in Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18254/S207751800019011-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорченко, С. Н. (2020). Феномен искусственного интеллекта: гражданин между цифровым аватаром и политическим интерфейсом. Журнал политических исследований, 4(2), 34–57. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ebngsh. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12737/2587–6295–2020–34–57</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ienca, M., &amp; Andorno, R. (2017). Towards new human rights in the age of neuro-science and neurotechnology. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 13(5), 1–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504–017–0050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федосеева, Р. Р., Егармин, А. Е. (2022). Цифровые аватары и коммуникация в цифровой среде. Научно-технические инновации и веб-технологии, 1, 84–88. https://elibrary.ru/QGBMOX</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koos, S. (2022). Digital Globalization and Law. Lex Scientia Law Review, 6(1), 33–68. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Филипова, И. А. (2022). Нейротехнологии в праве и правоприменении: прошлое, настоящее и будущее. Правоприменение, 6(2), 32–49. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ktqbmv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52468/2542–1514.2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">La Raudière, L. de. (2018). La fabrique de la loi à l’ère du numérique. Enjeux numériques, 3, 73–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шкарупета, Е. В. (2022). Концепция метавселенных Web 3.0 в стратегическом управлении цифровым потенциалом: теория, инструментарий и практические приложения. В книге: Цифровая экономика и Индустрия 5.0: развитие в новой реальности (с. 10–31). Санкт-Петербург: Политех-пресс. https://elibrary.ru/gxcahg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lv, Zh., Qiao, L., Li, Y. et al. (2022). BlockNet: Beyond reliable spatial Digital Twins to Parallel Metaverse. Patterns, 3(5), 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100468</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adrian, A. (2010). Beyond grieﬁng: Virtual Crime. Computer Law &amp; Security Review, 26(6), 640–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2010.09.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malashenko, G. T., &amp; Shestakov, D. Yu. (2022). National economic security in the age of the metaverse. Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 3, 339–343. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24412/2073-0454-2022-3-339-343</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akyeşilmen, N. (2021). Editorial preface: towards a cyber dictatorship. Cyberpolitik Journal, 6(11), VI–VIII. Brenner, S. W. (2008). Fantasy Crime: The Role of Criminal Law in Virtual Worlds. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law, 11(1), 1–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minbaleev, A. V. (2022). Problems of the civil law protection of personal non-property rights in the process of the digital proﬁling of citizens. Grazhdanskoe Pravo, 2, 9–11. (in Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bylieva, D., Bekirogullari, Z., Lobatyuk, V., &amp; Nam, T. (2021). How Virtual Personal Assistants Inﬂuence Children’s Communication. In Knowledge in the Information Society. PCSF 2020 (pp. 112–124). Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978–3–030–65857–1_12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mochalov, A. N. (2021). Digital Proﬁle: Main Risks for Constitutional Human Rights in the face of Legal Uncertainty. Lex Russica, 74(9), 88–101. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.178.9.088-101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheong, B. C. (2022). Avatars in the metaverse: potential legal issues and remedies. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439–022–00056–9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., &amp; McNeal, R. S. (2007). Digital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7428.001.0001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D’Cunha, C. (2021). A State in the disguise of a Merchant: Tech Leviathans and the rule of law. European Law Journal, 27, 1–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12399</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mostert, F., &amp; Yeoh, W. T. (2022). Meta-Worse, a lawyer’s mega paradise. Journal of Intellectual Property Law &amp; Practice, 17(3), 211–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpac008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duranske, B. T. (2008). Virtual Law. Navigating Legal Landscapes of Virtual Worlds. Chicago: American Bar Association.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nanobashvili, L. (2022). If the Metaverse is Built, Will Copyright Challenges Come? UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law, 21(3), 215–251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M. et al. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International Journal of Information Management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naumov, V. B. (Ed.). (2020). Legal and ethical aspects related to development and implementation of artiﬁcial intelligence systems and robotics: history, modern state and prospects of development: monograph. Saint Petersburg: NP-Print. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fick, N., Miscik, J., Segal, A. et al. (2022). Confronting Reality in Cyberspace: Foreign Policy for a Fragmented Internet. Independent Task Force Report No. 80. Washington: Council on Foreign Relations.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nedzvetskaya, N. P., &amp; Prostakov, I. I. (2022). Virtual reality of a digital society. Philosophy of Economy, 3(141), 208–217. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurov, O. (2022). Panel discussion “The processes of reality creation: metaverses of visionaries and projects of its embodiment” (March 30). Artiﬁcial Societies, 17(2). EDN: https://elibrary.ru/kcizif. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18254/S207751800020299–7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nemitz, P. (2018). Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artiﬁcial intelligence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0089</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ienca, M., &amp; Andorno, R. (2017). Towards new human rights in the age of neuro-science and neurotechnology. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 13(5), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504–017–0050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rezaev, A. V., Starikov, V. S., &amp; Tregubova, N. D. (2020). Sociology in the Age of ‘Artiﬁcial Sociality’: Search of New Bases. Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya, 2, 3–12. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250008489-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koos, S. (2022). Digital Globalization and Law. Lex Scientia Law Review, 6(1), 33–68. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenberg, L. (2022). Regulation of the Metaverse: A Roadmap. 6th International Conference on Virtual and Augmented Reality Simulations (ICVARS 2022) (pp. 1–10). Brisbane. https://doi.org/10.1145/3546607.3546611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">La Raudière, L. de. (2018). La fabrique de la loi à l’ère du numérique. Enjeux numériques, 3, 73–76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozhkova, M. A. (2020). Digital rights: public-legal concept and notion in the Russian civil law. Khozyaistvo i pravo, 10, 3–12. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lv, Zh., Qiao, L., Li, Y. et al. (2022). BlockNet: Beyond reliable spatial Digital Twins to Parallel Metaverse. Patterns, 3(5), 100468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2022.100468</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkarupeta, E. V. (2022). The Web 3.0 metaverse concept in strategic management of digital potential: theory, tools and practical applications. In Digital economy and Industry 5.0: development in the new reality (pp. 10–31). (In Russ.). Saint Petersburg: Politekh-press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mossberger, K., Tolbert, C. J., &amp; McNeal, R. S. (2007). Digital Citizenship: The Internet, Society, and Participation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7428.001.0001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov, P. P., &amp; Filatova, M. A. (2021). Problems of Protecting Virtual Game Property by Means of Criminal Law. Russian Journal of Criminology, 15(6), 744–755. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(6).744-755</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mostert, F., &amp; Yeoh, W. T. (2022). Meta-Worse, a lawyer’s mega paradise. Journal of Intellectual Property Law &amp; Practice, 17(3), 211–212. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpac008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang, Yi-Y., Tang, R., Posner, M. I. et al. (2022). Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(7), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nanobashvili, L. (2022). If the Metaverse is Built, Will Copyright Challenges Come? UIC Review of Intellectual Property Law, 21(3), 215–251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Timshin, Yu. P. (2022). Formation of a legal model for the use of copyright objects in the virtual space of the metaverses. Legal Science, 6, 172–177. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nemitz, P. (2018). Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artiﬁcial intelligence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0089</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vatoropin, A. S., Vatoropin, S. A., Teplyakov, I. I., &amp; Chevtaeva, N. G. (2022). Metaverse: creation perspectives and social consequences. Theory and Practice of Social Development, 4, 19–25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2022.4.2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenberg, L. (2022). Regulation of the Metaverse: A Roadmap. 6th International Conference on Virtual and Augmented Reality Simulations (ICVARS 2022) (pp. 1–10). Brisbane. https://doi.org/10.1145/3546607.3546611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weyl, E. G., Ohlhaver, P., &amp; Buterin, V. (2022). Decentralized Society: Finding Web3’s Soul. ResearchHub, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4105763</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang, Yi-Y., Tang, R., Posner, M. I. et al. (2022). Effortless training of attention and self-control: mechanisms and applications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(7), 567–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams, R. W. (2006). Democracy, Cyberspace, and the Body. Cultural Logic: A Journal of Marxist Theory &amp; Practice, 13, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.14288/clogic.v13i0.191780</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weyl, E. G., Ohlhaver, P., &amp; Buterin, V. (2022). Decentralized Society: Finding Web3’s Soul. ResearchHub, 1–36. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4105763</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaslavskii, D. A. (2021). Avatar as a means of self-presentation of a personality in the virtual environment. Innovatsii. Nauka. Obrazovanie, 48, 1909–1914. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams, R. W. (2006). Democracy, Cyberspace, and the Body. Cultural Logic: A Journal of Marxist Theory &amp; Practice, 13, 1–33. https://doi.org/10.14288/clogic.v13i0.191780</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhukov, V. A. (2022). Law and ethics of the metaverse. Zakon, 7, 148–164. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2022-19-7-148-164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zozulia, O., Zozulia, I., Brusakova, O. et al. (2021). Information Sovereignty as the Basis of Modern State Information Security. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 21(12), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.12.38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zozulia, O., Zozulia, I., Brusakova, O. et al. (2021). Information Sovereignty as the Basis of Modern State Information Security. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 21(12), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.22937/IJCSNS.2021.21.12.38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
