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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2025.28</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">vluyug</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Robot Taxation as a Tool for Labor Market Protection: Legal Analysis of the Prospects for Developing Economies by the Example of Nigeria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Налогообложение робототехники как инструмент защиты рынка труда: правовой анализ перспектив для развивающихся экономик на примере Нигерии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8557-823X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отиги</surname><given-names>Д. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otighi</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отиги Дебора Элохозино – бакалавр права.</p><p>штат Осун, г. Эде, P.M.B 230</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deborah El. Otighi – LLB Bachelor of Laws, Redeemer’s University.</p><p>P.M.B 230 Ede, Osun State</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">otighi21668307@run.edu.ng</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Искупителя</institution><country>Нигерия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Redeemer’s University</institution><country>Nigeria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>705</fpage><lpage>721</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Otighi D.E., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Отиги Д.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Otighi D.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/595">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/595</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to provide a comprehensive legal and economic analysis of the validity of robot taxation as a measure to protect the labor market under the increasing automation, taking into account the socio-economic realities of Nigeria’s developing economy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the research is based on doctrinal and comparative legal methodology. The author systematically analyzed scientific publications, legislative acts, statistical data and empirical materials related to the impact of robotics and artificial intelligence on global labor markets. Special attention was paid to studying tax policy in the field of automation in South Korea and the European Union, in order to identify universal patterns and specific features of automation regulation in various jurisdictions. Methodological tools include content analysis of regulatory documents, economic and statistical analysis of data from international organizations, and a critical analysis of doctrinal provisions regarding the prospects for robot taxation.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the research demonstrates the ambiguity of the robot taxation institute in the modern legal and economic system. It was found that the robot taxation may slow down the pace of automation, provide workers with time to adapt and retrain, compensate for the reduction in income tax revenues and ensure economic equity by redistributing corporate income from automation. At the same time, significant limitations of this concept were identified: the risk of inhibiting innovation, the lack of a unified legal definition of the “robot”, the threat of capital outflow and the shift of production to jurisdictions with a more favorable tax environment. In relation to Nigeria, the conclusion is that a robot tax is premature due to low automation, high structural unemployment, the dominance of the informal employment sector, and poor digital infrastructure.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the work is a systematic study of the legal and economic aspects of robot taxation in the Nigerian legal system. The study is novel as it substantiates a contextual approach to determining the feasibility of a robot tax, taking into account the stage of economic development, the structure of the labor market and the degree of penetration of automation technologies. For the first time, the author formulates the concept of responsible automation for developing economies, which implies not punitive taxation, but a system of incentives combining moderate fees with investments in human capital and digital infrastructure.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the research results are valuable for forming state policy in the field of labor automation regulation. The proposed recommendations include the reform of corporate tax codes taking into account responsible automation, the introduction of mandatory assessment of the impact of automation on employment, the creation of a system of tax incentives for companies retraining workers displaced by technology, and the formation of a multilateral platform for ethical automation management. They can be used by the legislative and executive authorities of Nigeria and other developing countries to create legal mechanisms for regulating the digital economy and protecting workers’ rights under the technological transformation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель комплексный правовой и экономический анализ обоснованности введения налога на робототехнику как меры защиты рынка труда в условиях нарастающей автоматизации с учетом социально-экономических реалий развивающейся экономики Нигерии.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: исследование базируется на доктринальной и сравнительно-правовой методологии. Автор осуществляет системный анализ научных публикаций, законодательных актов, статистических данных и эмпирических материалов, касающихся влияния робототехники и искусственного интеллекта на глобальные рынки труда. Особое внимание уделяется изучению опыта налоговой политики в области автоматизации в Южной Корее и Европейском союзе, что позволяет выявить универсальные закономерности и специфические особенности регулирования автоматизации в различных юрисдикциях. Методологический инструментарий включает контент-анализ нормативных документов, экономико-статистический анализ данных международных организаций и критический анализ доктринальных позиций относительно перспектив налогообложения роботов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: проведенное исследование демонстрирует неоднозначность института налогообложения робототехники в современной правовой и экономической системе. Выявлено, что налог на роботов потенциально способен замедлить темпы автоматизации, предоставить работникам время для адаптации и переквалификации, компенсировать сокращение поступлений подоходного налога и обеспечить экономическую справедливость путем перераспределения корпоративных доходов от автоматизации. Вместе с тем установлены существенные ограничения данной концепции: риск торможения инноваций, отсутствие единого юридического определения понятия «робот», угроза оттока капитала и смещения производств в юрисдикции с более благоприятной налоговой средой. Применительно к Нигерии обоснован вывод о преждевременности введения налога на робототехнику в условиях низкого уровня автоматизации, высокой структурной безработицы, доминирования неформального сектора занятости и слабой цифровой инфраструктуры.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: работа представляет собой системное исследование правовых и экономических аспектов налогообложения робототехники применительно к правовой системе Нигерии. Новизна исследования состоит в обосновании контекстуального подхода к определению целесообразности введения налога на роботов с учетом стадии экономического развития, структуры рынка труда и степени проникновения технологий автоматизации. Автор впервые формулирует концепцию ответственной автоматизации для развивающихся экономик, предполагающую не карательное налогообложение, а стимулирующую систему мер, сочетающую умеренные сборы с инвестициями в человеческий капитал и цифровую инфраструктуру.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: результаты исследования обладают высокой прикладной ценностью для формирования государственной политики в сфере регулирования автоматизации труда. Предложенные рекомендации: реформирование корпоративных налоговых кодексов с учетом ответственной автоматизации, введение обязательной оценки воздействия автоматизации на занятость, создание системы налоговых стимулов для компаний, переобучающих вытесненных технологиями работников, формирование многосторонней площадки по этическому управлению автоматизацией – могут быть использованы законодательными и исполнительными органами Нигерии и других развивающихся стран при разработке правовых механизмов регулирования цифровой экономики и защиты прав работников в условиях технологической трансформации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>налог</kwd><kwd>налоговое право</kwd><kwd>налогообложение</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>робототехника</kwd><kwd>рынок труда</kwd><kwd>трудовые отношения</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>employment</kwd><kwd>labor market</kwd><kwd>labor relations</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>robotics</kwd><kwd>tax</kwd><kwd>tax law</kwd><kwd>taxation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abbott, R., &amp; Bogenschneider, B. 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