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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2025.22</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ftfsob</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-589</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>UN Cybercrime Convention: Implementing the Mutual Legal Assistance in the Digital Age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций против киберпреступности: имплементация концепции взаимной правовой помощи в цифровую эпоху</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-1337</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абделькарим</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdelkarim</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абделькарим Яссин Абдалла – магистр права, судья, Экономический суд г. Асьют, основатель международной программы киберюриспруденции (CyJurII).</p><p>2090281, административный округ Асьют, г. Асьют, Корниш аль-Нил (аль-Тавра), Асьют 2</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=59725007500</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/JPW-9781-2023</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kPFaAC0AAAAJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yassin A. Abdelkarim – LLM (Master of Laws), Judge, Asyut Economic Court, Founder of Cyber Jurisprudence International Initiative (CyJurII).</p><p>Kornish Al Nile (Al Thawra), Asyut 2, Assiut Governorate 2090281</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=59725007500</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/JPW-9781-2023</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=kPFaAC0AAAAJ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yassinabdelkarim91@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Экономический суд г. Асью</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Asyut Economic Court</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>543</fpage><lpage>569</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Abdelkarim Y.A., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абделькарим Я.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdelkarim Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/589">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/589</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to explore the evolution and comparative effectiveness of mutual legal assistance as a practical alternative to universal jurisdiction in the context of countering transnational cybercrime based on the provisions of the UN Cybercrime Convention.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the paper employs the method of in-depth legal analysis of international legal tools with an emphasis on the provisions of the United Nations Cybercrime Convention. The author has conducted a comparative legal study of the mechanisms of universal jurisdiction and mutual legal assistance, including the study of historical precedents of the application of universal jurisdiction and the evolution of the mutual legal assistance concept within common law, bilateral and multilateral international agreements. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the Hague Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance as a model for organizing international cooperation. The research relies on doctrinal developments and practical results of the application of the legal mechanisms under consideration in the fight against digital threats.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the analysis demonstrated that, despite the humanitarian potential of universal jurisdiction, which allows national courts to carry out extraterritorial prosecution of serious crimes, its practical application is significantly hampered by opposition from sovereign states and selective law enforcement under political influence. An effective consensual alternative is the mechanism of mutual legal assistance, which promotes international judicial cooperation and ensures coordinated counteraction to cross-border cybercrime while preserving national sovereignty. The author shows that the UN Cybercrime Convention effectively integrates the mutual legal assistance principles through consultations, coordination of jurisdictions, extradition, and transfer of convicted persons and criminal proceedings.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the study offers an innovative approach to analyzing the relationship between traditional and modern international legal mechanisms under the global digitalization. The author substantiates the conceptual position according to which the mutual legal assistance, conditioned by both common law practice and modern contractual initiatives, represents a unique comprehensive toolkit that allows overcoming the systemic limitations of universal jurisdiction in the digital age. The research demonstrated that mutual legal assistance de facto creates a consensual practice of applying universal jurisdiction based on the voluntary consent of states, which qualitatively distinguishes it from traditional approaches. For the first time, the implementation of the mutual legal assistance principles in a specialized international treaty on cybercrime was systematically analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the results obtained highlight the critical role of mutual legal assistance in strengthening global judicial cooperation and effectively curbing transnational cybercrime. The study demonstrates the practical effectiveness of the UN Cybercrime Convention as an effective international legal tool that ensures a balance between the sovereignty of states and the need for international judicial cooperation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: исследовать эволюцию и сравнительную эффективность взаимной правовой помощи как практической альтернативы универсальной юрисдикции в контексте противодействия транснациональной киберпреступности на основе положений Конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций против киберпреступности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в работе применен метод углубленного юридического анализа международных правовых инструментов с акцентом на нормативных положениях Конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций против киберпреступности. Автором проведено сравнительно-правовое исследование механизмов универсальной юрисдикции и взаимной правовой помощи, включающее изучение исторических прецедентов применения универсальной юрисдикции и эволюции концепции взаимной правовой помощи в рамках общего права, двусторонних и многосторонних международных соглашений. Особое внимание уделено анализу Гаагской конвенции о взаимной правовой помощи как образцовой модели организации международного сотрудничества. Исследование опирается на доктринальные разработки и практические результаты применения рассматриваемых правовых механизмов в борьбе с цифровыми угрозами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: проведенный анализ продемонстрировал, что, несмотря на гуманитарный потенциал универсальной юрисдикции, позволяющей национальным судам осуществлять экстерриториальное преследование тяжких преступлений, ее практическое применение существенно затруднено вследствие противодействия со стороны суверенных государств и избирательного правоприменения под политическим влиянием. Эффективной консенсусной альтернативой выступает механизм взаимной правовой помощи, способствующий международному сотрудничеству судебных систем и обеспечивающий координированное противодействие трансграничной киберпреступности при сохранении национального суверенитета. Установлено, что Конвенция Организации Объединенных Наций против киберпреступности эффективно интегрирует принципы взаимной правовой помощи через механизмы консультаций, координации юрисдикций, экстрадиции, передачи осужденных и уголовного производства.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: исследование предлагает новаторский подход к анализу соотношения традиционных и современных международно-правовых механизмов в условиях цифровизации глобального пространства. Автором обоснована концептуальная позиция, согласно которой эволюция взаимной правовой помощи, обусловленная как практикой общего права, так и современными договорными инициативами, представляет собой уникальный комплексный инструментарий, позволяющий преодолеть системные ограничения универсальной юрисдикции в эпоху цифровых технологий. Продемонстрировано, что взаимная правовая помощь де-факто создает консенсусную практику применения универсальной юрисдикции, основанную на добровольном согласии государств, что качественно отличает ее от традиционных подходов. Впервые проведен системный анализ имплементации принципов взаимной правовой помощи в специализированном международном договоре по киберпреступности.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: полученные результаты подчеркивают критическую роль взаимной правовой помощи в укреплении глобального сотрудничества судебных органов и эффективном пресечении транснациональной киберпреступной деятельности. Исследование демонстрирует практическую эффективность Конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций против киберпреступности как действенного международно-правового инструмента, обеспечивающего баланс между суверенитетом государств и необходимостью международного судебного сотрудничества.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>взаимная правовая помощь</kwd><kwd>киберпреступность</kwd><kwd>кибертерроризм</kwd><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>международное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>международное уголовное право</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd><kwd>экстрадиция</kwd><kwd>юрисдикция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cybercrime</kwd><kwd>cyberterrorism</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>extradition</kwd><kwd>international cooperation</kwd><kwd>international criminal law</kwd><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>jurisdiction</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>mutual legal assistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelkarim, Y. 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