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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2025.3</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">rtolza</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-509</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Crimes in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: a Hybrid Approach to Liability and Security in the Digital Era</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Преступления в эпоху искусственного интеллекта: гибридный подход к ответственности и безопасности в цифровую эру</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-2985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бхатт</surname><given-names>Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bhatt</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бхатт Нилкант – PhD в области инженерных наук, кафедра гражданского проектирования</p><p>363642, г. Морби, Гуджарат, Сама Канте</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Neelkanth Bhatt – PhD (Engineering), Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering</p><p>Sama Kanthe, Morbi, Gujarat 363642</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neelkanth78bhatt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Инженерный колледж Лухдхирджи</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lukhdhirji Engineering College</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>65–88</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Bhatt N., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бхатт Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bhatt N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/509">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/509</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the applicability of existing norms on product quality liability and negligence laws to crimes related to artificial intelligence. The author hypothesizes that the hybrid application of these legal mechanisms can become the basis for an effective regulatory system under the rapid technological development.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the research includes a comprehensive approach based on the PESTEL analysis (political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors), the “five whys” root cause analysis, and cases from various countries. This multi-level approach allows not only identifying key problems, but also proposing adapted solutions that take into account the specifics of crimes related to artificial intelligence.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the research shows that the existing norms on product quality and negligence are not effective enough to regulate crimes related to artificial intelligence. The main obstacles are technological complexity, lack of precedents, lack of consumer awareness, and jurisdictional issues. The author concludes that effective regulation requires a global system that includes clear principles of responsibility, strict safety standards, and constant adaptation to new challenges.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the paper represents a unique approach to the crimes related to artificial intelligence through the prism of hybrid application of existing legal mechanisms. It offers a new perspective on the problem, combining theoretical analysis with practical recommendations based on case study.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: recommendations for legislators and regulators were developed. The author emphasizes the need to create specialized agencies, introduce educational programs for citizens and employees, and to provide funding for research in the field of explicable artificial intelligence and security standards. These measures are aimed at forming a stable regulatory system capable of effectively countering crimes related to the use of artificial intelligence. The work opens up new horizons for further research on the regulation of AI technologies and emphasizes the need for international cooperation and an interdisciplinary approach.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: изучение применимости существующих норм об ответственности за качество продукции и законов о халатности к преступлениям, связанным с использованием искусственного интеллекта. Автор выдвигает гипотезу о том, что гибридное применение этих правовых механизмов может стать основой для создания эффективной системы регулирования в условиях стремительного развития технологий.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: комплексный подход, основанный на анализе PESTEL (политические, экономические, социальные, технологические, экологические и правовые факторы), методе анализа первопричин «Пять почему» и изучении кейсов из различных стран. Такой многоуровневый подход позволяет не только выявить ключевые проблемы, но и предложить адаптированные решения, учитывающие специфику преступлений, связанных с искусственным интеллектом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: исследование демонстрирует, что существующие нормы об ответственности за качество продукции и халатности недостаточно эффективны для регулирования преступлений, связанных с искусственным интеллектом. Основными препятствиями являются технологическая сложность, отсутствие прецедентов, недостаточная осведомленность потребителей и юрисдикционные проблемы. Автор приходит к выводу, что для эффективного регулирования необходима глобальная система, включающая четкие принципы ответственности, строгие стандарты безопасности и постоянную адаптацию к новым вызовам.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: заключается в уникальном подходе к изучению преступлений, связанных с искусственным интеллектом, через призму гибридного применения существующих правовых механизмов. Исследование предлагает новый взгляд на проблему, сочетая теоретический анализ с практическими рекомендациями, основанными на изучении реальных кейсов.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: состоит в разработке конкретных рекомендаций для законодателей и регулирующих органов. Автор подчеркивает необходимость создания специализированных органов, внедрения образовательных программ для граждан и сотрудников, а также обеспечения финансирования исследований в области объяснимого искусственного интеллекта и стандартов безопасности. Эти меры направлены на формирование устойчивой системы регулирования, способной эффективно противостоять преступлениям, связанным с использованием искусственного интеллекта. Работа открывает новые горизонты для дальнейших исследований в области регулирования технологий искусственного интеллекта, подчеркивая необходимость международного сотрудничества и междисциплинарного подхода.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>безопасность</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>качество продукции</kwd><kwd>метод PESTEL</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>преступление</kwd><kwd>преступность</kwd><kwd>уголовная ответственность</kwd><kwd>уголовное законодательство</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>crime</kwd><kwd>criminal legislation</kwd><kwd>criminal liability</kwd><kwd>criminality</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>PESTEL technique</kwd><kwd>product quality</kwd><kwd>security</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Автор выражает благодарность господину Джайкишен Бхатт, сотруднику Службы социального обеспечения в отставке (Государственная корпорация страхования работников, Ахмадабад, Гуджарат, Индия) и господину Бипин Пандит, профессору гражданского строительства в отставке (Инженерный колледж Лухдхирджи, Морби, Гуджарат, Индия) за их квалифицированную помощь в формулировании, написании и тщательной корректуре работы, что значительно повысило ее точность и качество.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author is grateful to Shri. Jaikishen Bhatt, Retired Social Security Officer, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation, Ahmedabad (Gujarat, India) and Prof. Bipin Pandit, Retired Professor of Civil Engineering, Lukhdhirji Engineering College, Morbi (Gujarat, India) for their expert help with language, writing and meticulous proofreading which significantly improved the clarity and the quality of the work.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ли, Яо. (2023). Особенности нормативно-правового регулирования генеративного искусственного интеллекта в Великобритании, США, Евросоюзе и Китае. Право. Журнал Высшей школы экономики, 16(3), 245–267. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/yitzoa. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17323/2072-8166.2023.3.245.267</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abbott, R., &amp; Sarch, A. (2019). Punishing Artificial Intelligence: Legal Fiction or Science Fiction. 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