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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2024.47</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">OCDMLA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-490</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>International Cooperation in Overcoming Digital Inequality: Legal Frameworks, Barriers and Development Parameters</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Международное сотрудничество в преодолении цифрового неравенства: правовые основы, барьеры и параметры развития</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-1616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беликова</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belikova</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Беликова Ксения Михайловна – доктор юридических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры предпринимательского и корпоративного права</p><p>125993, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Садовая-Кудринская, 9</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57193239710</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/N-3126-2016</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=H58vKS4AAAAJ&amp;hl=ru</p><p>РИНЦ Author ID: https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=497601</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia M. Belikova – Dr. Sci. (Law), Professor, Department of Entrepreneurial and Corporate Law</p><p>9 Sadovo-Kudrinskaya Str., 125993 Moscow</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57193239710</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/N-3126-2016</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=H58vKS4AAAAJ&amp;hl=ru</p><p>РИНЦ Author ID: https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=497601</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">BelikovaKsenia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9397-8694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Диас Мартинс</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dias Martins</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Диас Мартинс Рафаэл – кандидат юридических наук, разработчик программного обеспечения, адвокат (OAB/RN 15.923)</p><p>9067-400, Бразилия, Натал/РН, 2885 – Питимбу, просп. Каиапос, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rafael Dias Martins– PhD (Law), software developer, Intersystemas, lawyer (OAB/RN 15.923)</p><p>ave. Caiapos, 2885 - Pitimbu, Natal/PH, 59067-400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martins.rafael@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6242-5735</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанба</surname><given-names>Е. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazanba</surname><given-names>E. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Казанба Евгений Тенгизович – аспирант, Главный юрисконсульт ФГКУ «Центральное территориальное управление имущественных отношений» Министерства обороны России</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Садовая-Кудринская, 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy T. Kazanba – post-graduate student, Chief Legal Adviser of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central Territorial Administration of Property Relations» of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation</p><p>9 Sadovo-Kudrinskaya Str., 125993 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekazanba@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный юридический университет имени О. Е. Кутафина (МГЮА)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kutafin Moscow State Law University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Интерсистемас</institution><country>Бразилия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Intersystemas</institution><country>Brazil</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>1003</fpage><lpage>1030</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Belikova K.M., Dias Martins R., Kazanba E.T., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беликова К.М., Диас Мартинс Р., Казанба Е.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belikova K.M., Dias Martins R., Kazanba E.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/490">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/490</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: based on a systematic analysis of the actual level of international cooperation in overcoming digital inequality, to determine the parameters of its further development, taking into account modern legal and other barriers and global challenges caused by the transition from the knowledge economy to the data economy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the methodological basis of the research is represented by dialectics, comparative legal and historical legal approaches, and the method of system analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the problem of digital inequality was considered in the following key aspects: access to the Internet; differences in the level of digital literacy; features of technology use and the versatility of digital inequality. It is noted that access to the Internet and digital technologies should become one of the fundamental human rights in order to ensure equal opportunities for all segments of society, since initially the crystallization of clearly expressed digital differences is based on the existing offline social differences. It was established that, in order to successfully overcome digital inequality, the key global task is to develop digital skills and literacy among the population. It is also important to stimulate the rational use of technologies and ensure people’s understanding of working with both the technologies and the data obtained through them. The authors propose to expand and deepen cooperation between developed and developing countries so that the latter can produce more data that may serve as a metric and a basis for creating development strategies. At the same time, greater transparency should be ensured by providing effective and accessible means so that the data owner can clearly understand who and why processes their personal data. The article argues that the transition from the knowledge economy to the data economy requires the adaptation of international cooperation strategies to ensure equitable access to both data and their processing. This may accelerate scientific discoveries and support inclusive economic development. The issues of fragmentation and defragmentation of international law are analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: it is due to the current lack of scientific results concerning the level of international cooperation achieved so far in overcoming digital inequality given the parameters of its systemic development and the main (legal and other) barriers.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the study results can be used to improve the legal framework and strategies for international cooperation in overcoming digital inequality to ensure equitable access to data and their processing.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: на основе системного анализа достигнутого уровня международного сотрудничества в преодолении цифрового неравенства определить параметры его дальнейшего развития с учетом современных правовых и иных барьеров и глобальных вызовов, обусловленных переходом от экономики знаний к экономике данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: методологическая основа исследования представлена диалектикой, сравнительно-правовым и историко-правовым подходами, методом системного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: проблема цифрового неравенства рассмотрена по следующим ключевым аспектам: доступ к сети Интернет; различия в уровне цифровой грамотности; особенности использования технологий и многогранность цифрового неравенства. Отмечается, что доступ к сети Интернет и цифровым технологиям должен стать основным правом человека, чтобы обеспечить равные возможности для всех слоев общества, поскольку изначально кристаллизация отчетливо выраженных цифровых различий основывается на существующих офлайн социальных различиях. Установлено, что для успешного преодоления цифрового неравенства наряду со стимулированием рационального использования технологий и обеспечением понимания людьми работы с ними и получаемых посредством них данных развитие цифровых навыков и грамотности среди населения является важнейшей глобальной задачей в решении вопроса преодоления цифрового неравенства. Предлагается расширить и углубить сотрудничество развитых стран с менее развитыми, чтобы последние могли производить больше данных, которые будут служить метрикой и основой для создания стратегий развития; при этом следует обеспечить большую прозрачность, предоставляя эффективные и доступные средства, чтобы владелец данных мог ясно понять, кем и с какой целью обрабатывались его персональные данные. Утверждается, что переход от экономики знаний к экономике данных требует адаптации стратегий международного сотрудничества для обеспечения справедливого доступа к данным и их обработки, что позволит ускорить научные открытия и поддержать инклюзивное экономическое развитие. Проанализированы вопросы фрагментации и дефрагментации международного права.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: обусловлена отсутствием в настоящее время результатов научного анализа достигнутого на сегодня уровня международного сотрудничества в преодолении цифрового неравенства с позиции параметров его системного развития и основных (юридических и иных) барьеров.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: результаты исследования могут найти применение при совершенствовании правовой основы и стратегий международного сотрудничества в преодолении цифрового неравенства для обеспечения справедливого доступа к данным и их обработки.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доступность технологий</kwd><kwd>законодательство</kwd><kwd>международное право</kwd><kwd>международное сотрудничество</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>сеть Интернет</kwd><kwd>цифровое неравенство</kwd><kwd>цифровое пространство</kwd><kwd>цифровой разрыв</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>availability of technologies</kwd><kwd>digital divide</kwd><kwd>digital inequality</kwd><kwd>digital space</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>international cooperation</kwd><kwd>international law</kwd><kwd>Internet</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>legislation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гладкова, А. 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