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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2024.44</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">JVGLRH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sociological and Criminological Research of Victimization Issues: Preliminary Stage and New Sphere of Cybercrime Categorization</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социолого-криминологическое исследование проблем виктимизации: предварительный этап и новая область категоризации киберпреступности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1799-7876</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аувал</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Auwal</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амину Мухаммад Аувал – бакалавр в области информационных технологий, специалист в области информационных технологий</p><p>Нигерия, PMB 2084, штат Плато, г. Джос</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/JFS-7098-2023</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RDxPEr4AAAAJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aminu Muhammad Auwal – Bachelor of Science in Information Technology, IT Specialist</p><p>PMB 2084, Jos, Plateau State </p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/JFS-7098-2023</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RDxPEr4AAAAJ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.elameenu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1721-8519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарус</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarus</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сулеман Лазарус – PhD в области киберпреступности и криминологии, приглашенный специалист Центра криминологии им. Маннхайма, Лондонская школа экономики и политических наук; сотрудник Центра изучения старения населения, университет Суррея; почетный преподаватель Центра по изучению киберпреступности и экономической преступности, Портсмутский университет</p><p>Великобритания, WC2A 2AE, г. Лондон, Хьютон Стрит; Великобритания GU2 7XH, г. Гилфорд, Стэг Хилл; Великобритания, PO1 2HY, г. Портсмут, СентДжордж Билдинг.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57205679641</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/629543</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Em8EXqcAAAAJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Suleman Lazarus – PhD in Cybercrime and Criminology, Visiting Fellow at the Mannheim Centre for Criminology, London School of Economics and Political Science; Fellow at the Centre of Excellence on Ageing, University of Surrey; Honorary Lecturer at the Centre for Cybercrime and Economic Crime, University of Portsmouth.</p><p>Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; St. George’s Building, Portsmouth, PO1 2HY, United Kingdom.</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57205679641</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/629543</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Em8EXqcAAAAJ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">suleman.lazarus@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Джоса</institution><country>Нигерия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Jos</institution><country>Nigeria</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Лондонская школа экономики и политических наук; Университет Суррея; Портсмутский университет</institution><country>Великобритания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>London School of Economics and Political Science; University of Surrey; University of Portsmouth</institution><country>United Kingdom</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>915</fpage><lpage>942</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Auwal A.M., Lazarus S., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аувал А.М., Лазарус С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Auwal A.M., Lazarus S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/487">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/487</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to identify the main issues of victimization as a result of cybercrime growth in the world in general and in Nigerian society in particular from the standpoint of sociological approaches, using a Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF), which comprises geopolitical, psychosocial and socioeconomic categories of cybercrime.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the methodology is based on the sociological research method. The data collection included the distribution of a questionnaire among 896 participants from the academic environment, including students and university staff, and the analysis of the responses. The presented data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, with special attention to the issues of gender inequality, socio-economic factors, the impact of educational level on vulnerability to online fraud and victimization as a result of cybercrime through the prism of the ideal victim concept and the socio-economic gap between North and South.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the article presents an analysis of the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework. The survey showed that 65.20% of the participants had been victims of cybercrime. There were more men among the victims (64.69%). The authors found patterns in the distribution of cybercrimes. All cybercrimes against the respondent were socio-economic ones, which underlines the high frequency of cybercrime and the relevance of countering it in Nigerian society. Special attention was paid to the issues of gender inequality, socio-economic factors, and the impact of education on vulnerability to cybercrime. The article considers from the viewpoint of the ideal victim concept. The study results provide an idea of the prevalence and distribution of specific types of cybercrime in the socio-economic category among the studied population.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: For the first time, the study uses the Tripartite Cybercrime Framework (TCF) to study victimization as a result of cybercrime in Nigerian society. The research novelty is also due to the fact that the conceptual foundations of countering cybercrime that have developed in the global North are not fully applicable in Nigeria.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the results obtained demonstrate the need to apply carefully calibrated gender-based, inclusive and contextual approaches to the development of a national legal policy to combat cybercrime. The results can be used to justify the law-making decisions which are being developed in the field of preventing and countering manifestations of cybercrime, as well as to form the basis for legal measures to protect cybercrime victims.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выявление основных проблем виктимизации в результате роста киберпреступности в мире в целом и в нигерийском обществе в частности с позиций социологических подходов и с помощью трехчастной концепции киберпреступности (Tripartite Cybercrime Framework, TCF), состоящей из геополитических, психосоциальных и социально-экономических категорий киберпреступности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: основу методологии составили социологический метод исследования. Процесс сбора данных включал распространение опросника среди 896 участников из академической среды, в том числе студентов и сотрудников университета, и анализ ответов респондентов. Представленные данные анализировались с помощью описательной статистики, особое внимание при этом было уделено вопросам гендерного неравенства, социально-экономическим факторам, влиянию уровня образования на уязвимость к онлайн-мошенничеству и виктимизации в результате киберпреступлений через призму концепции идеальной жертвы и социально-экономического разрыва между Севером и Югом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в статье представлен анализ трехчастной концепции киберпреступности. На основе изучения данных, полученных в ходе анкетирования, установлено, что 65,20% участников опроса когда-либо становились жертвами киберпреступников. Выявлен гендерный перекос среди жертв киберпреступлений в сторону мужчин (64,69%). Установлены закономерности в распределении киберпреступлений. Все киберпреступления против опрошенных лиц относились к категории социально-экономических, что подчеркивает распространенность киберпреступности и актуальность противодействия ей в нигерийском социуме. Особое внимание уделено вопросам гендерного неравенства, социально-экономическим факторам, влиянию уровня образования на уязвимость к киберпреступлениям. Проблема виктимизации рассмотрена с точки зрения концепции идеальной жертвы. Результаты исследования позволяют получить представление о распространенности и распределении конкретных видов киберпреступности социально-экономической категории среди исследуемой группы населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: в исследовании впервые используется подход трехчастной концепции киберпреступности (TCF) для изучения виктимизации в результате киберпреступлений в нигерийском обществе. Новизна представленного исследования обусловлена еще и тем, что сложившиеся на глобальном Севере концептуальные основы противодействия киберпреступности не вполне применимы в Нигерии.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: полученные результаты демонстрируют необходимость применения тщательно выверенных гендерных, инклюзивных и контекстуальных подходов к разработке национальной правовой политики борьбы с киберпреступностью, могут быть положены в обоснование разрабатываемых правотворческих решений в области предупреждения и противодействия проявлениям киберпреступности, а также в основу правовых мер защиты жертв киберпреступлений.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виктимизация</kwd><kwd>виктимология</kwd><kwd>жертва киберпреступления</kwd><kwd>киберкриминология</kwd><kwd>киберпреступность</kwd><kwd>кибершпионаж</kwd><kwd>онлайн-мошенничество</kwd><kwd>правовая политика</kwd><kwd>цифровая криминология</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cybercrime victim</kwd><kwd>cybercrime</kwd><kwd>cybercriminology</kwd><kwd>cyber-espionage</kwd><kwd>digital criminology</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>legal policy</kwd><kwd>online fraud</kwd><kwd>victimization</kwd><kwd>victimology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aborisade, R. 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