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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2024.36</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">sperfj</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Neurorights, Neurotechnologies and Personal Data: Review of the Challenges of Mental Autonomy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейроправа, нейротехнологии  и персональные данные: обзор проблем психологической автономии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-1581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнехо</surname><given-names>Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cornejo</surname><given-names>Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ян Корнехо – магистр, генеральный директор компании Academia Cibers, консультант по проблемам персональных данных, независимый исследователь</p><p>г. Гуаякиль, ул. Ла Фае зм 32, 18</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/KWU-8753-2024" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/KWU-8753-2024 </ext-link></p><p>Google Scholar ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=clFiXCsAAAAJ" ext-link-type="uri">https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=clFiXCsAAAAJ</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yan Cornejo – Magister, CEO of Academia Cibers, Private Consultant Data Privacy, Independent Researcher</p><p>La Fae mz 32 villa 18, Guayaquil</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/KWU-8753-2024" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/KWU-8753-2024 </ext-link></p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=clFiXCsAAAAJ </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yancornejo@yahoo.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>711</fpage><lpage>728</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Cornejo Y., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корнехо Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Cornejo Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/475">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/475</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to present the results of a systematic review of research on the impact of neurotechnology on legal concepts and regulatory frameworks, addressing ethical and social issues related to the protection of individual rights, privacy and mental autonomy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: The systematic literature review was based on the methodology proposed by a renowned British scholar, a professor emerita of computer science at Keele University Barbara Kitchenham, chosen for its flexibility and effectiveness in obtaining results for publication. Thorough searches were carried out with the search terms “neurotechnology”, “personal data”, “mental privacy”, “neuro-rights”, “neurotechnological interventions”, and “neurotechnological discrimination” on both English and Spanish sites, using search engines like Google Scholar and Redib as well as databases including Scielo, Dialnet, Redalyc, Lilacs, Scopus, Medline, and Pubmed. The focus of this research is bibliometric data and its design is non-experimental with a cross-sectional and descriptive, using content analysis based on PRISMA model.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the study emphasizes the need to establish clear ethical principles to protect individual rights and promote responsible use of neurotechnologies; a number of problems of mental autonomy were identified, such as improper handling of information, lack of legal security guarantees, violation of rights and freedoms in the medical sphere. The author shows the need to adapt the existing regulatory legal framework to address the ethical and social problems arising from the new neurotechnologies. It is noted that a broad study of neurotechnology issues will contribute to the protection of human rights.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: an expanded understanding of the five neurorights within the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is proposed; neurorights are viewed as a new category of rights aimed at protecting mental integrity against the misuse of neurotechnologies. The author justifies the adoption of such technocratic principles as personal identity, free will, mental privacy, equal access and protection against bias.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the obtained results are relevant for understanding modern legal concepts related to neurorights and for adapting the existing normative legal acts to solve ethical and social problems arising from the emergence of new technologies, protection of human neurorights and liability for their violation. The study of these issues is key for provision of further responsible development and use of neurotechnologies.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: представить результаты проведенного систематического обзора исследований влияния нейротехнологий на юридические концепции и нормативную правовую базу, направленные на решение этических и социальных проблем, связанных с защитой индивидуальных прав, неприкосновенности частной жизни и психологической автономии.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: систематический обзор литературы проводился по методологии, предложенной известным британским ученым – почетным профессором Университета Кила Барбарой Китченхэм, отличающейся гибкостью и эффективностью в получении результатов. Поиск осу ществлялся на англо- и испаноязычных сайтах по ключевым словам («нейротехнологии», «персональные данные», «психологическая кон фиденциальность», «нейроправа», «нейротехнологические вмешатель ства» и «нейротехнологическая дискриминация») с использованием таких поисковых систем, как Google Scholar и Redib, а также баз данных Scielo, Dialnet, Redalyc, Lilacs, Scopus, Medline и Pubmed. Фокус данного исследования – библиометрические данные — характеризуется как неэкспериментальный, кросс-секционный и описательный с применением контент-анализа на основе модели PRISMA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в представленном исследовании подчеркивается необходимость установления четких этических принципов, защищающих права личности и способствующих ответственному использованию нейротехнологий; выявлен ряд проблем психологической автономии, таких как ненадлежащее обращение с информацией, отсутствие гарантий юридической безопасности, нарушение прав и свобод на примере отношений в медицинской сфере. Исследование показывает необходимость адаптации существующей нормативной правовой базы для решения этических и социальных проблем, возникающих в связи с появлением новых нейротехнологий. Отмечается, что широкое исследование вопросов в сфере нейротехнологий будет способствовать защите прав человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: предложено расширенное понимание пяти нейро прав в рамках Всеобщей декларации прав человека; нейроправа представлены как новая категория прав, направленных на защиту психологической целостности от неправомерного использования нейро технологий; обосновано принятие таких принципов технократии, как личная идентичность, свобода воли, психологическая конфиденциальность, равноправный доступ и защита от предвзятости.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: полученные результаты имеют значение для понимания современных юридических концепций, связанных с нейроправами, адаптации существующих нормативных правовых актов для решения этических и социальных проблем, возникающих в связи с появлением новых технологий, защиты нейроправ человека и ответственности за их нарушение. Исследование данной проблемы имеет ключевое значение для обеспечения дальнейшего ответствен ного развития и применения нейротехнологий.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>законодательство</kwd><kwd>нейроправа</kwd><kwd>нейротехнологии</kwd><kwd>неприкосновенность  частной жизни</kwd><kwd>персональные данные</kwd><kwd>права человека</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>психологическая автономия</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd><kwd>этика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>ethics</kwd><kwd>human rights</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>legislation</kwd><kwd>mental autonomy</kwd><kwd>neurorights</kwd><kwd>neurotechnologies</kwd><kwd>personal data</kwd><kwd>privacy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alharbi, H. (2023). Identifying thematics in a brain-computer interface research. 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