digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2024.32mqtnqgdigitallaw-467Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИNew Approaches to Researching AI Crime: Institutionalization of Digital CriminologyНовые подходы к исследованию ИИ-преступности: конституирование цифровой криминологииСпайропулосФ.SpyropoulosF.

Фотиос Спайропулос – научный сотрудник, PhD, доцент в области уголовного права и криминалистики, факультет права, Университет Филипс; старший парт­нер юридической компании Spyropoulos Law FirmАдрес: Кипр, 28008, г. Никосия, ул. Ламиас, 4-6; Греция, 11474, г. Афины, Александрас авеню, 81E-mail: fspyropoulos@gmail.comORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-3583Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=iKQYLWoAAAAJ

Fotios Spyropoulos – PostDoc, PhD, Associate Professor of Criminal Law & Criminology; Faculty of Law, Philips University; Senior Partner of Spyropoulos Law FirmAddress: 4-6 Lamias Street, 2001, P.O. Box 28008, Nicosia, Cyprus; Alexandras Avenue 81, 11474, Athens, GreeceE-mail: fspyropoulos@gmail.comORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-3583Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=iKQYLWoAAAAJ

fspyropoulos@gmail.comУниверситет Филипс; Spyropoulos Law FirmГрецияPhilips University; Spyropoulos Law FirmGreece20240811202423636656Copyright © Spyropoulos F., 20242024Спайропулос Ф.Spyropoulos F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/467Objective

Objective: the article deals with modern scientific approaches to the “digital society”, identifies new criminological perspectives, such as that of digital criminology in an ever-changing hybrid world, in the scientific study of the potential use of AI by criminals, including what is referred to here as AI crime.

Methods

Methods: this article is an essay commonly used in humanities and social sciences, as the author aims to present provocative arguments to encourage readers to rethink AI issues in relation to criminality in the “hybrid world” based on a non-systematic literature review. The arguments should be supported by relevant references to “digital criminology” and its non-binary way of thinking in favour of a techno-social approach.

Results

Results: the era of divided perspectives is coming to an end, and it’s time for synergies, especially at the interdisciplinary level. The «mirror of artificial intelligence» can help identify flaws and solutions, ensuring the future of AI and human society is decided by the people. In a digital society, technology is integrated into people’s lives, including crime, victimization, and justice. Digital technologies blur the boundaries between online and offline realities, creating a human-technological hybrid world where crimes occur in virtual networks. AI has potential for social good and Sustainable Development Goals, but concerns about human rights violations need to be addressed. Multidisciplinary approaches are needed to ensure safe use, address education inequalities, enhance justice, and identify online behavior as deviant or criminal. In the context of emerging technoethics, the idea that this unofficial norm, derived from a popular belief, will be the ‘touchstone’ for characterising online mediated behaviour as deviant/ crimninal, is missing - or rather in the process of being formed.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: the author aims to provide some insightful thoughts on formulating the right questions and interesting reflections from a technoethical perspective on the phenomenon of the use of information and communication technologies for criminal purposes under the catalytic influence of AI, recognising the social challenges arising from technological disruption (e.g. prediction and prevention through the transformation of policing, increased surveillance and criminal justice practises) in “digital society”.

Practical significance

Practical significance: some of the initial ideas of this theoretical material can be used in the elaboration of proposals for amendements and additions to the current crime legislation, as well as in pedagogical activity, especially in the implementation of educational courses or modules on crime in the context of the digital transformation of society.

Цель

Цель: опираясь на современные научные подходы к «цифровому обществу» и новые подходы в криминологии, выявить и определить цифровую криминологию, направленную на изучение возможных способов использования искусственного интеллекта  преступниками, в том числе в рамках так называемой ИИ-преступности.

Методы

Методы: проблемы связи искусственного интеллекта с преступностью в «гибридном мире» переосмысливаются в статье преимущественно с учетом междисциплинарности, на уровне которой аргументы подкрепляются соответствующими отсылками к «цифровой криминологии» и ее небинарному образу мышления в рамках техно социального подхода, несистематического обзора литературы.

Результаты

Результаты: в исследовании отмечается, что в цифровом обществе технологии интегрируются в жизнь людей, включая сферы преступности, виктимизации и правосудия, стирая границы между онлайн- и офлайн-реальностью, создавая гибридный мир человека и техно логий, где преступления происходят в виртуальных сетях. Показано, что искусственный интеллект обладает потенциалом для достижения целей социального благополучия и устойчивого развития, однако необходимо учитывать риски, связанные с нарушением прав человека. Обосновывается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода для обеспечения безопасного использования технологий, борьбы с неравенством в сфере образования, помощи в осуществлении правосудия и распознавании девиантного или преступного поведения в сети. Подчеркивается, что в контексте зарождающейся техноэтики пока отсутствует или, скорее, находится в процессе формирования идея о том, что эта неофициальная норма, основан ная на обыденных представлениях, станет «опорным камнем» для характеристики опосредованного онлайн-поведения как девиант ного или преступного.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: в статье с точки зрения техноэтики выдвигается ряд подходов к феномену использования информационно-коммуникационных технологий в преступных целях под влиянием искусственного интеллекта. При этом отмечены социальные вызовы, возникающие в результате технологических сбоев (например, прогнозирование и предотвращение преступлений путем трансформации деятельности органов охраны правопорядка, усиления наблюдения и практики уголовного правосудия) в «цифровом обществе».

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: идеи, лежащие в основе данного исследования, могут быть использованы при разработке предложений по внесению изменений и дополнений в действующее уголовное законодательство, а также в педагогической деятельности, особенно при реализации образовательных курсов или модулей по проблемам преступности в контексте цифровой трансформации общества.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.