<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2024.23</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">fsfsnq</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-433</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ethical and Legal Regulation of Using Artificial Intelligence in Morocco</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этическое и правовое регулирование использования искусственного интеллекта в Марокко</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-8982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джабир</surname><given-names>Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jabir</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джабир Хамза – соискатель степени PhD; исследовательская лаборатория частного права, юридических наук и устойчивого развития; факультет права, экономики и общественных наук; Университет Ибн Зохр.</p><p>Марокко, Агадир, BP 32/S, Риад Салам, CP 80000</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/HMP-6781-2023</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lka-pbUAAAAJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Hamza Jabir – PhD Student in Private Law, Legal Sciences and Sustainable Development Research Laboratory, Faculty of Law, Economics, and Social Sciences, Ibn Zohr University</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/HMP-6781-2023</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lka-pbUAAAAJ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hamza.jabir@edu.uiz.ac.ma</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9198-2712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагтати</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagtati</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лагтати Камаль – профессор-исследователь, почетный доктор, исследовательская лаборатория частного права, юридических наук и устойчивого развития; факультет права, экономики и общественных наук; Университет Ибн Зохр; член Центра Мишель де л’госпиталь, Университет Клермон-Овернь (EA 4232).</p><p>Марокко, Агадир, BP 32/S, Риад Салам, CP 80000</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=W-X93ewAAAAJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kamal Lagtati – Research Professor, HDR in Private Law, Legal Sciences and Sustainable Development Research Laboratory, Faculty of Law, Economics, and Social Sciences, Ibn Zohr University; Member of the Centre Michel de l’hospital Université de Clermont Auvergne (EA 4232).</p><p>BP 32/S, Riad Salam, CP 80000, Agadir, Morocco</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=W-X93ewAAAAJ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k.lagtati@uiz.ac.ma</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2678-1430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поэ-Токпа</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pohe-Tokpa</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Поэ-Токпа Денис – профессор-исследователь, почетный доктор частного права, факультет права и политологии.</p><p>Пессак, 33608, авеню Леона Дюгуи, 16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis Pohe-Tokpа – Research Professor, HDR in Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science.</p><p>16 Avenue Léon Duguit, 33608 Pessac</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">denis.pohe-tokpa@u-bordeaux.fr</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Ибн Зохр</institution><country>Марокко</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ibn Zohr University</institution><country>Morocco</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Бордо</institution><country>Франция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Bordeaux</institution><country>France</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>450</fpage><lpage>472</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Jabir H., Lagtati K., Pohe-Tokpa D., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джабир Х., Лагтати К., Поэ-Токпа Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jabir H., Lagtati K., Pohe-Tokpa D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/433">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/433</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to explore and identify the issues and opportunities for the ethical and legal regulation of artificial intelligence by the example of digital transformation in Morocco.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the study was conducted using analytical and comparative approaches to address the emerging legal issues arising from the development of artificial intelligence. The traditional scientific method in law is based on legal analysis, which was applied to the study of legal texts, scientific literature, diagnosis of the condition of the study field at the national and international level. Along with this, the comparative approach in law was used, which made it possible to examine the Moroccan legislation comparison with that of other countries.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the article presents a review of scientific literature on the legal and ethical issues of using artificial intelligence. Legal texts and decrees developed at national and international level, directly or indirectly linked to the use of artificial intelligence, were reviewed. Moroccan legislation was compared with that of other countries. The findings suggest that, in the absence of a specific legal framework for artificial intelligence systems, the adoption of ethical standards in the form of guidelines, best practices and ethical charters is preferable. These mechanisms appear to be a viable alternative to legal regulation. In this sense, several initiatives were taken to promote “soft law”, which aims to encourage appropriate behavior of technological agents.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the analysis of digital transformations in Morocco made it possible to present a comprehensive view on the role of ethical aspects and on the sufficiency of law to respond to the changes in the modern society, transformed by the development of artificial intelligence.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the study allows identifying ways to find a more flexible balance between “soft” and “hard” law in the regulation of relations, taking into account the technological reality. This should encourage the appropriate behavior of technological agents and positively affect the specificity of the current situation. Today, the “hard law” slowly recognizes and addresses the problems associated with the digital technologies’ regulation and slowly takes into account the possible risks posed by artificial intelligence and the insufficiency of its regulation.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: поиск и определение проблем и возможностей этического и правового регулирования искусственного интеллекта на примере опыта цифровых преобразований в Марокко.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: исследование проведено с использованием аналитического и сравнительного подходов к решению возникающих юридических вопросов, обусловленных развитием искусственного интеллекта. За основу традиционного научного метода в праве взят правовой анализ, который применялся к изучению юридических текстов, научной литературы, диагностике состояний и условий изучаемой области на национальном и международном уровне. Наряду с этим использовался сравнительный подход в праве, позволивший рассмотреть законодательство Марокко в сопоставлении с законодательством других стран.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: осуществлен обзор научной литературы, посвященной правовым и этическим вопросам использования искусственного интеллекта. Проведен обзор юридических текстов и директив, разработанных на национальном и международном уровне и имеющих прямую или косвенную связь с использованием искусственного интеллекта. Приводится сравнение законодательства Марокко с соответствующими правовыми актами других стран. Полученные выводы свидетельствуют о том, что в отсутствие специальной правовой базы для систем искусственного интеллекта предпочтительным является принятие этических стандартов в виде руководящих принципов, руководства по передовой практике и этических хартий. Эти механизмы представляются жизнеспособной альтернативой правовому регулированию. В этом смысле было предпринято несколько инициатив по продвижению «мягкого права», которое направлено на поощрение надлежащего поведения технологических агентов.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: анализ цифровых преобразований в Марокко позволил представить комплексный взгляд на роль этических аспектов и обеспечение достаточности закона для реагирования на изменения современного общества, трансформирующегося в свете развития искусственного интеллекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: проведенное исследование позволяет обозначить пути поиска более гибкого баланса между «мягким» и «жестким» правом в регулировании отношений с учетом технологической реальности, что должно поощрять надлежащее поведение технологических агентов и положительно влиять на специфику современной ситуации, когда «жесткое право» медленно осознает и решает проблемы, связанные с регулированием цифровых технологий, а также медленно учитывает возможные риски, которые несет в себе искусственный интеллект и недостаточность регулирования связанных с ним отношений.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«жесткое право»</kwd><kwd>законодательство Марокко</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>моральные ценности</kwd><kwd>«мягкое право»</kwd><kwd>принцип технологической реальности</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd><kwd>правовые риски</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd><kwd>этические принципы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>“hard law”</kwd><kwd>Moroccan legislation</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>moral values</kwd><kwd>“soft law”</kwd><kwd>principle of technological reality</kwd><kwd>legal regulation</kwd><kwd>legal risks</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>ethical principle</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research had no sponsorship</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ait El Bour, D., &amp; Lebzar, B. (2020). L’intelligence artificielle face aux entreprises marocaines, quels défis? Revue Internationale d’Economie Numérique, 2(1). (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ait El Bour, D., &amp; Lebzar, B. (2020). L’intelligence artificielle face aux entreprises marocaines, quels défis? Revue Internationale d’Economie Numérique, 2(1). (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Ajmi, F. (2011). Civil Protection for the Consumer in the Electronic Contract. (Unpublished Master dissertation). University of the Middle East.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Ajmi, F. (2011). Civil Protection for the Consumer in the Electronic Contract. (Unpublished Master dissertation). University of the Middle East.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barraud. (2019). Le droit en datas: comment l’intelligence artificielle redessine le monde juridique. Revue Lamy droit de l’immatériel, 164. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barraud. (2019). Le droit en datas: comment l’intelligence artificielle redessine le monde juridique. Revue Lamy droit de l’immatériel, 164. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benhanou, S. (2017). Imaginer l’avenir de travail – Quatre types d’organisations à l’horizon 2030, France Stratégie, Document de travail n°2017-05. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benhanou, S. (2017). Imaginer l’avenir de travail – Quatre types d’organisations à l’horizon 2030, France Stratégie, Document de travail n°2017-05. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bensamoun, A., &amp; Loiseau, G. (2017a). La gestion des risques de l’intelligence artificielle – de l’éthique à la responsabilité. La Semaine juridique, 12. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bensamoun, A., &amp; Loiseau, G. (2017a). La gestion des risques de l’intelligence artificielle – de l’éthique à la responsabilité. La Semaine juridique, 12. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bensamoun, A., &amp; Loiseau, G. (2017b). L’intégration de l’intelligence artificielle dans l’ordre juridique en droit commun: questions de temps. Dalloz IP/IT, 239. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bensamoun, A., &amp; Loiseau, G. (2017b). L’intégration de l’intelligence artificielle dans l’ordre juridique en droit commun: questions de temps. Dalloz IP/IT, 239. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bensoussan, A., &amp;, Bensoussan, J. (2019). IA, robots et droit. Bruxelles: Bruylant. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bensoussan, A., &amp;, Bensoussan, J. (2019). IA, robots et droit. Bruxelles: Bruylant. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertrand, André R. (2010). Conditions de la protection par le droit d’auteur. Deux cas particuliers: intelligence artificielle et réalité virtuelle, Dalloz, 103.27. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertrand, André R. (2010). Conditions de la protection par le droit d’auteur. Deux cas particuliers: intelligence artificielle et réalité virtuelle, Dalloz, 103.27. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bostrom, N., &amp; Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. In Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security (pp. 57–69). Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351251389-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bostrom, N., &amp; Yudkowsky, E. (2018). The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. In Artificial Intelligence Safety and Security (pp. 57–69). Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351251389-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouanba, N., Barakat, O., &amp; Bendou, A. (2022). Artificial Intelligence &amp; Agile Innovation: Case of Moroccan Logistics Companies. Procedia Computer Science, 203, 444–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouanba, N., Barakat, O., &amp; Bendou, A. (2022). Artificial Intelligence &amp; Agile Innovation: Case of Moroccan Logistics Companies. Procedia Computer Science, 203, 444–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boubker, O. (2024). From chatting to self-educating: Can AI tools boost student learning outcomes? Expert Systems with Applications, 238(A), 121820–121820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121820</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boubker, O. (2024). From chatting to self-educating: Can AI tools boost student learning outcomes? Expert Systems with Applications, 238(A), 121820–121820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121820</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boy, L., Racine, J.-B., &amp; Siiriaien, F. (2009). Droit économique et Droit de l’homme. Bruxelles, Larcier. (In French). Bufflier, I. (2020). Intelligence artificielle et éthique d’entreprise. Cahiers de droit de l’entreprise, 3, dossier 19, 45. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boy, L., Racine, J.-B., &amp; Siiriaien, F. (2009). Droit économique et Droit de l’homme. Bruxelles, Larcier. (In French). Bufflier, I. (2020). Intelligence artificielle et éthique d’entreprise. Cahiers de droit de l’entreprise, 3, dossier 19, 45. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cath, C. (2018). Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133), 20180080.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cath, C. (2018). Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133), 20180080.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Courtois, G. (2016). Robots intelligents et responsabilité : quels régimes, quelles perspectives. Dalloz IP/IT, 287. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Courtois, G. (2016). Robots intelligents et responsabilité : quels régimes, quelles perspectives. Dalloz IP/IT, 287. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desbarats, I. (2020). Quelle protection sociale pour les travailleurs des plateformes? Revue de droit du travail, 10, 592–601. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desbarats, I. (2020). Quelle protection sociale pour les travailleurs des plateformes? Revue de droit du travail, 10, 592–601. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franchomme, M.-P., &amp; Jazottes, G. (2021). Le défi d’une IA inclusive et responsable. Droit social, 2, 100–108. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franchomme, M.-P., &amp; Jazottes, G. (2021). Le défi d’une IA inclusive et responsable. Droit social, 2, 100–108. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacquemin, H., &amp; de Streel, A. (2017). L’Intelligence artificielle et le droit, Bruxelles, Larcier. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacquemin, H., &amp; de Streel, A. (2017). L’Intelligence artificielle et le droit, Bruxelles, Larcier. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jaldi, A. S. (2022). l’intelligence artificielle au Maroc: entre encadrement réglementaire et stratégie économique. Policy Centre for the New South, PB-59/22. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jaldi, A. S. (2022). l’intelligence artificielle au Maroc: entre encadrement réglementaire et stratégie économique. Policy Centre for the New South, PB-59/22. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jobin, A., Ienca, M., &amp; Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature machine intelligence, 1(9), 389–399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jobin, A., Ienca, M., &amp; Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature machine intelligence, 1(9), 389–399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marique, E., &amp; Stronwel, A. (2017). Gouverner par la loi ou les algorithmes: de la norme générale de comportement au guidage rapproché des conduites. Dalloz IP/IT, 10, 517. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marique, E., &amp; Stronwel, A. (2017). Gouverner par la loi ou les algorithmes: de la norme générale de comportement au guidage rapproché des conduites. Dalloz IP/IT, 10, 517. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merabet, S. (2018). Vers un droit de l’intelligence artificielle: thèse pour le doctorat en droit privé. Université d’Aix-Marseille. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merabet, S. (2018). Vers un droit de l’intelligence artificielle: thèse pour le doctorat en droit privé. Université d’Aix-Marseille. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michaud, O. (2021). La protection des travailleurs à l’heure de l’intelligence artificielle. Dossier droit social, 2, Fév., 124–132. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michaud, O. (2021). La protection des travailleurs à l’heure de l’intelligence artificielle. Dossier droit social, 2, Fév., 124–132. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohamed-Amine, N., Abdellatif, M., &amp; Belaid, B. (2024). Artificial intelligence for forecasting sales of agricultural products: A case study of a moroccan agricultural company. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 100189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamed-Amine, N., Abdellatif, M., &amp; Belaid, B. (2024). Artificial intelligence for forecasting sales of agricultural products: A case study of a moroccan agricultural company. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(1), 100189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naim, A., Aaroud, A., Akodadi, K., &amp; El Hachimi, C. (2021). A fully AI-based system to automate water meter data collection in Morocco country. Array, 10, 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2021.100056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naim, A., Aaroud, A., Akodadi, K., &amp; El Hachimi, C. (2021). A fully AI-based system to automate water meter data collection in Morocco country. Array, 10, 100056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2021.100056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rochd, A., Benazzouz, A., Ait Abdelmoula, I., Raihani, A., Ghennioui, A., Naimi, Z., &amp; Ikken, B. (2021). Design and implementation of an AI-based &amp; IoT-enabled Home Energy Management System: A case study in Benguerir – Morocco. Energy Reports, 7, 699–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rochd, A., Benazzouz, A., Ait Abdelmoula, I., Raihani, A., Ghennioui, A., Naimi, Z., &amp; Ikken, B. (2021). Design and implementation of an AI-based &amp; IoT-enabled Home Energy Management System: A case study in Benguerir – Morocco. Energy Reports, 7, 699–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.07.084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shushanik, G. (2019). Les problèmes de la réparation du dommage pour les produits et services défectueux dans la législation civile: thèse pour le doctorat en droit privé. l’UEE. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shushanik, G. (2019). Les problèmes de la réparation du dommage pour les produits et services défectueux dans la législation civile: thèse pour le doctorat en droit privé. l’UEE. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soulez, M. (2018). Questions juridiques au sujet de l’IA. Enjeux numériques, 1, 83. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soulez, M. (2018). Questions juridiques au sujet de l’IA. Enjeux numériques, 1, 83. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thibout, Ch. (2019). La compétition mondiale de l’intelligence artificielle. Pouvoirs – Revue française d’études constitutionnelles et politiques, 170, 131–142. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thibout, Ch. (2019). La compétition mondiale de l’intelligence artificielle. Pouvoirs – Revue française d’études constitutionnelles et politiques, 170, 131–142. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vassileva-Hadjitchoneva, J. (2020). L’IA au service de la prise de décisions plus efficace. Pour une recherché économique efficace: 61° Congrès International AIELF. Santiago, Chili. (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vassileva-Hadjitchoneva, J. (2020). L’IA au service de la prise de décisions plus efficace. Pour une recherché économique efficace: 61° Congrès International AIELF. Santiago, Chili. (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zouinar, M. (2020). Evolutions de l’intelligence artificielle: Quels enjeux pour l’activité humaine et la relation humain-machine au travail? Activités, 17-1. (In French). https://doi.org/10.4000/activites.4941</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zouinar, M. (2020). Evolutions de l’intelligence artificielle: Quels enjeux pour l’activité humaine et la relation humain-machine au travail? Activités, 17-1. (In French). https://doi.org/10.4000/activites.4941</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
