digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2024.15ppljhudigitallaw-425Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИLegal Issues of Cross-Border Data Transfer in the Era of Digital GovernmentПравовые проблемы трансграничной передачи данных в эпоху цифровизации государственного управленияhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-1990-1239БолатбеккызыГ.BolatbekkyzyG.

Болатбеккызы Гульбакыт – соискатель степени PhD, докторант, школа права.

430072, провинция Хубэй, г. Ухань, Луоцзя Хилл

WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/JEZ-7313–2023

Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RqrEh8YAAAAJ

Gulbakyt Bolatbekkyzy – PhD Candidate and Doctoral Scholar.

Luojia Hill, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072

WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/JEZ-7313–2023

Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=RqrEh8YAAAAJ

gulbakyt@whu.edu.cnУханьский университетКитайWuhan UniversityChina20243007202422286307Copyright © Bolatbekkyzy G., 20242024Болатбеккызы Г.Bolatbekkyzy G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/425Objective

Objective: to identify the main legal factors of cross-border data exchange in the context of digital technology proliferation and government digitalization, including legal guarantees, security issues, cybersecurity risks, approaches to regulating and improving the efficiency of data management in various jurisdictions.

Methods

Methods: the study relies on synthesis and critical analysis of various aspects of the stated problem, including analysis of primary and secondary sources. By the example of the regulatory policies of China, the US, the EU and EAEU member states, different approaches regarding the restriction or encouragement of free cross-border data transfer are compared. A comprehensive meta-analysis and literature assessment provided insights into the methods used for data protection in different jurisdictions and allowed outlining the framework and directions of the public policy required for effective cross-jurisdictional data transfer.

Results

Results: the main challenges associated with cross-border data transfer in the context of digital technology proliferation and government digitalization, such as growing inequalities in digital development, legal uncertainties, privacy and cybersecurity, etc., were identified. The legal framework of cross-border data transfer in the context of government digitalization and its implementation were analyzed. It contributed to the search for ways to improve the government efficiency in the context of transnational data transfer, including rendering services and promoting openness and public participation.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: based on the analysis of various jurisdictions’ approaches to legal, security and sovereignty issues caused by transnational data transfer, the author reveals the role and applicability of international law, as well as the unique challenges arising in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union on the way to the formation of transboundary trust space.

Practical significance

Practical significance: the study of these issues may help various public agencies, first of all, governmental and legislative bodies to the elaborate well-targeted political and legal decisions, aimed at achieving a balance between data availability and data security, between the effectiveness of public administration and respect for the human rights. The results obtained will also be of importance for other subjects of relations in cross-border data transfer and regulation of these relations.

Цель

Цель: определить основные юридические факторы трансграничного обмена данными в контексте распространения цифровых технологий и цифровизации государственного управления, включая правовые гарантии, проблемы безопасности, риски кибербезопасности, подходы к регулированию и повышению эффективности управления данными в разных юрисдикциях.

Методы

Методы: исследование опирается на синтез и критический анализ различных аспектов заявленной проблемы, в том числе на анализ как первичных, так и вторичных источников. На примере сравнения политики регулирования Китая, США, ЕС и государств-членов ЕАЭС сопоставляются различные подходы относительно ограничения или поощрения свободной трансграничной передачи данных. Комплексный мета-анализ и оценка литературы позволили сформировать представление о методах, используемых для защиты данных в разных юрисдикциях, а также обозначить рамки и направления государственной политики, необходимые для эффективной передачи данных между юрисдикциями.

Результаты

Результаты: выявлены основные проблемы, связанные с трансграничной передачей данных в контексте распространения цифровых технологий и цифровизации управления, такие как растущее неравенство в развитии цифровых технологий, правовая неопределенность, обеспечение конфиденциальности и кибербезопасности и др. Проанализированы правовые основы трансграничной передачи данных в контексте цифровизации государственного управления и практика их реализации, что способствовало поиску путей повышения эффективности управления в условиях транснациональной передачи данных, включая предоставление услуг, развитие открытости и участия общественности.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: на основе проведенного анализа подходов различных юрисдикций к проблемам юридического характера, вопросам обеспечения безопасности и суверенитета, обусловленным трансграничной передачей данных, выявлены роль и применимость международного права, а также уникальные вызовы, возникающие в государствах-членах Евразийского экономического союза на пути формирования трансграничного пространства доверия.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: исследование указанных вопросов имеет значение для выработки и принятия взвешенных политико-правовых решений государственными структурами, прежде всего правительственными и законодательными органами, направленных на достижение баланса между доступностью данных и их безопасностью, между эффективностью государственного управления и соблюдением прав граждан. Полученные результаты будут иметь значение также для иных субъектов отношений, связанных с трансграничной передачей данных и вопросами регулирования указанных отношений.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.