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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2024.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">acxhto</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Personal Data in Artificial Intelligence Systems: Natural Language Processing Technology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Персональные данные в системах искусственного интеллекта: технология обработки естественного языка</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-2765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ильин Илья Геннадьевич – магистр права в области информационных технологий, аспирант юридического факультета</p><p>199106, г. Санкт-Петербург, 22-я линия В.О., 7</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57765898000</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/FDF-0979-2022 </p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YruuMK0AAAAJ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilya G. Ilin – Master of Arts in Information Technology Law, postgraduate student, </p><p>22nd line of Vasilievsky Island, 7199106 Saint Petersburg</p><p>Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57765898000</p><p>WoS Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/FDF-0979-2022</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=YruuMK0AAAAJ</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.g.ilin@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>123–140</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ilin I.G., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ильин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/374">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/374</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to conceptualize, from the viewpoint of personal data protection legislation, the development of natural language processing technology, identifying possible legal barriers to such development and directions for further research of the issue.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the research is based on general scientific methods of cognition, along with which formal-legal and comparative-legal methods were applied, as well as the method of theoretical modeling.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: it was found that the observance of personal data regime natural language processing in the development of natural language processing technology leads technology, to a conflict between private-legal and public-legal interests, which, personal data in turn, creates obstacles for further development of this technology. The shortcomings of the existing legal order are shown, namely, the insufficient correspondence to the technical features of technology development. This may lead to the risks of excessive regulation, or, on the contrary, to the risks of neglecting critical areas that require protection. Problems in qualifying the data involved in the technology development are outlined. An attempt is made to define the limits of ensuring the lawfulness of personal data processing within the natural language processing technology. The material, temporal and territorial effect of the legal regulation in this field is identified as the limits of ensuring the legality. The author touches upon the possibility of using personal data as a consideration, which is important for the development of natural language processing technology and for the improvement of the information and communication technology industry.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: the paper supplements the scientific discussion on the legal regulation of personal data processing by artificial intelligence systems with an analysis of natural language processing technology. The latter is insufficiently studied, making it relevant to research information law, namely, the legal relations arising around artificial intelligence systems, and to assess the impact of a personal data regime on the development of natural language processing technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical relevance</title><p>Practical relevance: the applied aspects of the problems researched and the results obtained can be used to improve the legal regulation of public relations in the field of creation and development of artificial intelligence, as well as to identify and assess the legal risks arising in the personal data processing by developers of digital products based on natural language processing technology.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: концептуализировать с точки зрения законодательства в области защиты персональных данных процесс развития технологии обработки естественного языка, выявив возможные правовые барьеры для такого развития и направления дальнейшего исследования проблемы.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в основе исследования находятся общенаучные методы познания, наряду с которыми применялись формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой методы, а также метод теоретического моделирования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: установлено, что соблюдение режима персональных данных в процессе разработки технологии обработки естественного язык приводит к возникновению конфликта между частными и публично-правовыми интересами, что, в свою очередь, создает препятствия для дальнейшего развития обозначенной технологии. Показаны недостатки существующего правопорядка, который не в полной мере отвечает техническим особенностям развития технологии, что может привести к рискам излишнего регулирования, или же, напротив, к рискам оставления без внимания критических областей, требующих защиты. Обозначены проблемы при квалификации данных, задействованных в развитии рассматриваемой технологии. Предпринята попытка определить пределы обеспечения законности обработки персональных данных в составе технологии обработки естественного языка. Выделено в качестве пределов обеспечения законности материальное, временное и территориальное действие правового регулирования в данной области. Затрагивается проблема возможности использования персональных данных в качестве встречного представления, что является важным для развития технологии обработки естественного языка и для совершенствования отрасли информационно-коммуникационных технологий. </p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: данная работа дополняет научную дискуссию о правовом регулировании обработки персональных данных системами искусственного интеллекта аналитикой, выполненной в контексте технологии обработки естественного языка. Невысокая степень изученности последней обуславливает необходимость исследования области информационного права в части правоотношений по созданию систем искусственного интеллекта и оценки влияния режима персональных данных на развитие технологии обработки естественного языка.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: затрагиваемые в статье прикладные аспекты исследуемой проблематики и полученные результаты могут быть использованы для совершенствования правового регулирования общественных отношений в области создания и развития искусственного интеллекта, а также для выявления и оценки правовых рисков, возникающих при обработке персональных данных разработчиками цифровых продуктов на базе технологии обработки естественного языка.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биометрические данные</kwd><kwd>законность</kwd><kwd>законодательство</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>лигалтех</kwd><kwd>технология обработки естественного языка</kwd><kwd>персональные данные</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>правовой риск</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>biometric data</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>lawfulness</kwd><kwd>legal risk</kwd><kwd>LegalTech</kwd><kwd>legislation</kwd><kwd>natural language processing technology</kwd><kwd>personal data</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Важорова, М. 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