digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2023.37aoqmxudigitallaw-304Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИDigital Inclusion for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Review of the Current Legal Models and Doctrinal ConceptsЦифровая инклюзия для людей с расстройствами аутистического спектра: пересмотр существующих правовых моделей и доктринальных концепцийhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-6052ХатсонДж.HutsonJ.

Хатсон Джеймс - PhD, заведующий кафедрой, ведущий специалист в области дополненной реальности, Университет Линденвуд.

MO 63301, Сент-Чарльз, ул. С. Кингшайвей, 209

James Hutson - PhD, Head of the Department, Lead XR Disruptor, Lindenwood University

209 S. Kingshighway St, MO 63301, Saint Charles

jhutson@lindenwood.eduhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-6143ХатсонП.HutsonP.

Хатсон Пайпер - доктор педагогики, преподаватель, Университет Линденвуд

MO 63301, Сент-Чарльз, ул. С. Кингшайвей, 209

Piper Hutson - EdD, Lecturer, Lindenwood University.

209 S. Kingshighway St, MO 63301, Saint Charles

phutson@lindenwood.eduУниверситет ЛинденвудСоединённые Штаты АмерикиLindenwood UniversityUnited States20231512202314851879Copyright © Hutson J., Hutson P., 20232023Хатсон Д., Хатсон П.Hutson J., Hutson P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/304Objective

Objective: today, a significant part of professional tasks are performed in the digital environment, on digital platforms, in virtual and other meetings. This necessitates a critical reflection of traditional views on the problem of accessible environment and digital accessibility, taking into account the basic universal needs of persons with disabilities.

Methods

Methods: a gap between the traditional legal perspective on special working conditions for persons with disabilities and the urgent need of a digital workplace (digital environment) clearly shows lacunas in the understanding of accessibility, which are identified and explored with formal-legal and doctrinal methods. The multifaceted aspects of digital inclusion are revealed based on an informative approach to legislation. It leads, among other things, to searching for recommendations which would fill this gap and contribute to the creation of a more inclusive and responsible legal, social and technological environment.

Results

Results: the research has led to a conclusion that the existing legal, social and technological paradigms need to be re-evaluated. This reevaluation should aim to develop a more inclusive and benevolent concept of accessible environment that takes into account the diversity of human experience and needs, and a wide range of behavioral and cognitive characteristics. Creating special conditions in the workplace for those with overt and covert health problems should become an integral part of the employer's focus, along with improving management efficiency.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: covert (hidden) health problems have traditionally been understudied, although they include a range of mental and physical impairments, which, like explicit health problems, vary in their origin, intensity, and permanent or episodic character. This study fills a gap in the issues of disability and its legal protection, taking into account the trend of digital inclusion, the dynamic labor activity of today, and the wide range of human abilities and needs.

Practical significance

Practical significance: the aspects of hidden or latent disability considered in the study provide a different perspective at employment, focusing on the workplace conditions that could be created. Employers may be unaware of the need to create special working conditions for those with hidden health problems. This results in negative effects on unemployment, increased sick leave, limited opportunities in the workplace, and more. Employees are often reluctant to disclose their non-obvious health problems to employers; hence, employers should facilitate disclosure of such information by creating relevant conditions. Such an approach will contribute to the legal protection of this category of employees and to further development of the existing legislative regulation, since the latter does not fully comply with today's needs and changed reality.

Цель

Цель: в современном мире значительная доля профессиональных задач выполняется в цифровой среде, на цифровых площадках, в виртуальных и прочих собраниях, что обусловливает необходимость критического осмысления традиционных взглядов на проблему доступной среды и цифровой доступности с учетом базовых общечеловеческих потребностей инвалидов.

Методы

Методы: разрыв между традиционной правовой точкой зрения на особые условия труда для инвалидов и насущными потребностями «цифрового рабочего места» (цифровой среды) ярко показывает пробелы в понимании концепции доступности, которые выявляются и исследуются посредством формально-юридического и доктринального методов. Многогранные аспекты цифровой инклюзии раскрываются на основе информационного подхода к законодательству, который приводит в том числе к необходимости поиска имеющихся рекомендаций, направленных на заполнение указанного пробела и способствующих созданию более инклюзивной и ответственной правовой, общественной и технологической среды.

Результаты

Результаты: исследование темы привело к выводу о необходимости переоценки существующих правовых, общественных и технологических парадигм. Эта переоценка должна быть нацелена на выработку более инклюзивной и доброжелательной концепции доступной среды, которая учитывала бы разнообразие человеческого опыта и потребностей, широкий спектр поведенческих и когнитивных особенностей. Создание особых условий на рабочем месте для лиц с явными и скрытыми проблемами со здоровьем для работодателя должно стать неотъемлемой частью его внимания наряду с вопросами повышения эффективности управления.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: неявные (скрытые) проблемы со здоровьем традиционно не изучаются в должной мере, хотя они охватывают целый спектр психических и физических нарушений, которые, как и явные проблемы со здоровьем, различаются по своему происхождению, интенсивности, постоянному или эпизодическому характеру. Данное исследование восполняет пробел в части поиска ответов на вопросы об инвалидности и ее правовой защите с учетом тренда цифровой инклюзивности, динамического характера современной трудовой деятельности и широкого спектра способностей и потребностей людей.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: рассматриваемые в исследовании аспекты скрытой или латентной инвалидности позволяют взглянуть на проблему занятости с иной точки зрения, обращая особое внимание на условия, которые можно было бы создать на рабочих местах. Работодатели чаще всего могут не осознавать необходимости создания особых условий труда лицам со скрытыми проблемами со здоровьем, в результате чего увеличивается безработица, растет число больничных; ограничиваются возможности на рабочем месте и многое другое. Сотрудники часто не стремятся по своему желанию раскрывать работодателям информацию о своих неочевидных проблемах со здоровьем, поэтому работодатели должны содействовать раскрытию такой информации, создавая необходимые условия для этого. Такой подход будет способствовать правовой защите данной категории работников и дальнейшему развитию существующего законодательного регулирования, которое не вполне отвечает современным потребностям и изменившейся реальности.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.