digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2023.25xhasawdigitallaw-239Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИRisks and Prospects of Creativity TokenizationРиски и перспективы токенизации творчестваhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-1560БудникР. А.BudnikR. A.

Будник Руслан Александрович – доктор юридических наук, профессор, заместитель директора Международного научно-образовательного центра «Кафедра ЮНЕСКО по авторскому праву, смежным, культурным и информационным правам», Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; профессор Российско-китайского центра сравнительного правоведения, Университет «МГУ-ППИ в Шэньчжэне»

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Ruslan A. Budnik – Doctor of Juridical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director of International scientific-educational center “UNESCO Chair of Copyright, Neighboring, Cultural and Information Rights”, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”; Professor at Russian-Chinese Center for comparative legal science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University

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3 Bolshoy Trekhsvyatitelskiy pereulok, 436, 101000 Moscow

No. 1, International University Park Road, Dayun New Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PRC, 518172

rbudnik@hse.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; Университет «МГУ-ППИ в Шэньчжэне»РоссияNational Research University “Higher School of Economics“; Shenzhen MSU-BIT UniversityRussian Federation20232008202313587611Copyright © Budnik R.A., 20232023Будник Р.А.Budnik R.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/239Objective

Objective: tokenization of creativity, alongside with cryptoeconomy and Web3 network infrastructure, is a notable trend in the development of modern society in the third decade of the 21st century. The objective of this article is to explore the risks and prospects emerging in the process of disposition of the creative labor results in the form of non-fungible tokens.

Methods

Methods: the research methodology is based on analysis of varied viewpoints on the problem, including diametrically opposing concepts. The opposing views of the observers manifest their attitude to tokenization of creative products as a speculative scheme, on the one hand, and a promising tool of creative industries development, on the other.

Results

Results: the probable negative consequences of tokenization of intellectual activity results are identified; author’s recommendations on managing these risks are given. Another result of this publication is analysis of economiclegal prospects stemming from tokenization of the objects of copyright and neighboring rights by the example of musical pieces.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: it consists in presenting and substantiating a hypothesis that the relations formed in the musical industry under the modern sociocultural and technological realities will be reproduced in other creative industries. Also, scientific novelty consists in the analysis of prospects of tokenization of such results of intellectual activity as gaming artifacts, works of traditional and digital visual arts, patents and scientific achievements. The use of nonfungible tokens the ecosystem of network computer games will allow gamers to buy and sell rights to game pieces autonomously from game publishers. Tokenization of industrial property objects and individualization means will ensure protection of intellectual rights of their authors while waiting for the issuance of a state protection document. In the modern society, there will be many of those wishing to become an owner of a token for a scientific work, as the popularity of science and innovations is constantly growing in developed countries. Ownership of a token for a scientific work will be regarded a moral investment, increasing the prestige and status of its owner. Tokens for scientific works have a high potential as a means of measuring value in a post-economic society.

Practical significance

Practical significance: it consists in the description of innovative means of using creative products and business models based on tokenization of the results of intellectual activity, ready to be implemented in practice.

Цель

Цель: токенизация творчества в одном ряду с криптоэкономикой и сетевой инфраструктурой Web3 представляет собой заметный тренд развития современного общества в третьем десятилетии двадцать первого века. Цель настоящей статьи заключается в исследовании рисков и перспектив, возникающих в процессе распоряжения результатами творческого труда в виде невзаимозаменяемых токенов.

Методы

Методы: методика настоящей работы построена на анализе различных точек зрения ученых на эту проблему, включая диаметрально противоположные концепции. Полярные позиции наблюдателей характеризуют их отношение к токенизации творческих продуктов как к спекулятивной схеме, с одной стороны, и перспективному инструменту развития творческих индустрий – с другой.

Результаты

Результаты: выявлены возможные негативные последствия токенизации результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, а также авторские рекомендации по управлению этими рисками. Еще одним результатом настоящей публикации выступает анализ экономико-правовых перспектив, вытекающих из токенизации объектов авторских и смежных прав на примере музыкальных произведений.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: состоит в выдвижении и обосновании гипотезы о том, что отношения, сформировавшиеся в музыкальной индустрии в современных социокультурных и технологических реалиях, будут воспроизводиться в других творческих индустриях. Кроме того, научная новизна также заключается в анализе перспектив токенизации таких результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, как игровые артефакты, произведения художественного и цифрового изотворчества, патентов и достижений науки. Применение невзаимозаменяемых токенов в экосистеме сетевых компьютерных игр позволит геймерам покупать и продавать права на игровые произведения независимо от издателя. Токенизация объектов промышленной собственности и средств индивидуализации обеспечит защиту интеллектуальных прав их авторов в период ожидания выдачи государственного охранного документа. В современном обществе найдется немало желающих стать собственником токена на научное произведение, поскольку популярность науки и инноваций непрерывно растет в развитых странах. Владение токеном на научное произведение будет считаться моральной инвестицией, повышать престиж и статус его правообладателя. Токены на произведения науки имеют высокий потенциал в качестве средства измерения ценности в постэкономическом обществе.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: практическая значимость исследования состоит в описании инновационных способов использования творческих продуктов и бизнес-моделей, основанных на токенизации результатов интеллектуальной деятельности, готовых к воплощению на практике.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.