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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2023.17</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">lbwsxw</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-186</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Approaches to Regulating Relations in the Sphere of Developing and Using the Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Features and Practical Applicability</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Подходы к регулированию отношений в сфере разработки и применения технологий искусственного интеллекта: особенности и практическая применимость</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-3487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерахтина</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erahtina</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерахтина Ольга Сергеевна – кандидат юридических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры гражданского и предпринимательского права</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/K-3149-2014" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/K­3149­2014</ext-link></p><p>Google Scholar ID:<ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.ru/citations?hl=ru&amp;user=WdwWB4kAAAAJ" ext-link-type="uri"> </ext-link><ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.ru/citations?hl=ru&amp;user=WdwWB4kAAAAJ" ext-link-type="uri"/></p><p>РИНЦ Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=498773" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=498773</ext-link> </p><p>614070, г. Пермь, ул. Студенческая, 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga S. Erahtina – Candidate of Sciences in Jurisprudence, Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Entrep reneurial Law</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/K-3149-2014</p><p>Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.ru/citations?hl=ru&amp;user=WdwWB4kAAAAJ</p><p>RSCI Author ID: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=498773</p><p>38 Studencheskaya Str., 614070 Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oerahtina@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Пермский филиал Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Perm branch of National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>421–437</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Erahtina O.S., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ерахтина О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Erahtina O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/186">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/186</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to review the modern scientific approaches to regulating relations in the sphere of using the artificial intelligence technologies; to reveal the main features and limitations of using the risk-oriented and technological approaches in order to determine the directions of their further development.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the methodological basis of the research is a set of scientific cognition methods, including the general scientific dialectic method and the universal scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, comparison, summarization, structural-functional, and formal-logical methods).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: it was determined that the use of the risk-oriented approach implies building constructive models of risk management. A significant issue in using this approach is the bases of referring the artificial intelligence technologies to high-risk ones. When determining the risk level of using the artificial intelligence technologies, the following criteria should be applied:  the type of artificial intelligence technology, its sphere of use, and the level of potential harm for the environment, health and other fundamental human rights.</p><p>In turn, the central issue of using the technological approach is the necessity and limits of regulation in the sphere of developing and using the artificial intelligence technologies. First, interference into this sphere must not create obstacles for developing technologies and innovations. Second, a natural reaction of a regulator towards newly emerging objects and subjects of turnover is the “imperfect law syndrome”. At the same time, a false idea about a lack of legal regulation may produce an opposite effect – duplication of legal norms. To solve the problem of duplicating legal requirements, it is necessary, first of all, to solve the issue of the need to regulate the artificial intelligence technologies or certain types of software applications.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientific novelty</title><p>Scientific novelty: a review was carried out of the main approaches to regulating relations in the sphere of developing and using the artificial intelligence technologies; the opportunities and limitations of their use are revealed; further directions of their development are proposed.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical significance</title><p>Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the research can be used for determining the optimal approaches to regulating the sphere of digital technologies and for improving the legal regulation of the studied sphere of social relations.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: обзор сложившихся в науке подходов к регулированию отношений в сфере применения технологий искусственного интеллекта, выявление основных особенностей и ограничений применения рискориентированного и технологического подходов для определения направлений их дальнейшего развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: методологическую основу исследования составляет совокупность методов научного познания, в том числе общенаучный диалектический и универсальные научные методы (анализ и синтез, сравнение, обобщение, структурно-функциональный, формально-логический).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: определено, что применение рискориентированного подхода предполагает построение конструктивных моделей управления рисками. Значимым вопросом для применения данного подхода является вопрос об основаниях отнесения технологий искусственного интеллекта к высокорисковым. При определении уровня риска применения технологии искусственного интеллекта необходимо применять следующие критерии: тип технологии искусственного интеллекта, сферу ее применения, а также уровень ее потенциальной опасности для окружающей среды, здоровья, других фундаментальных прав граждан.</p><p>В свою очередь, центральным вопросом для применения технологического подхода является вопрос о необходимости и пределах регулирования сферы разработки и применения технологий искусственного интеллекта. Во-первых, вмешательство в данную сферу не должно создавать препятствий для развития технологий и инноваций.</p><p>Во-вторых, естественная реакция регулятора в ответ на появление новых объектов и субъектов оборота – «синдром несовершенного закона». Вместе с тем ложное представление об отсутствии правового регулирования может дать обратный эффект – дублирование правовых норм. В целях решения проблемы дублирования законодательных требований следует прежде всего решить вопрос о том, необходимо ли регулировать технологии искусственного интеллекта или некоторые виды использования программного обеспечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: проведен обзор основных подходов к регулированию отношений в сфере разработки и применения технологий искусственного интеллекта, выявлены возможности и ограничения их применения, предложены дальнейшие направления их развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: основные положения и выводы исследования могут быть использованы для определения оптимальных подходов к регулированию сферы цифровых технологий, а также в целях совершенствования правового регулирования рассматриваемой области общественных отношений.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>опасность</kwd><kwd>право</kwd><kwd>программное обеспечение</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd><kwd>рискориентированный подход</kwd><kwd>технологический подход</kwd><kwd>управление рисками</kwd><kwd>цифровая экономика</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>danger</kwd><kwd>digital economy</kwd><kwd>digital technologies</kwd><kwd>law</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>risk management</kwd><kwd>risk-oriented approach</kwd><kwd>software</kwd><kwd>technological</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев, А. 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