digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2023.13vskcfbdigitallaw-182Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИLegal Aspects of the Use Artificial Intelligence in TelemedicineПравовые аспекты использования искусственного интеллекта в телемедицинеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8194-0261Галлезе-НобилеК.Gallese NobileC.

Галлезе-Нобиле Кьяра – доктор наук, научный сотрудник (постдок) по управлению исследовательскими данными; научный сотрудник (постдок) департамента математики и наук о земле

Scopus Author ID:  https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57222726276 Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/AGE-9594-2022

Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Vmoen8UAAAAJ

а/я 513 5600 МБ Эйндховен

Триест, Итальянская Республика

Chiara Gallese Nobile – PhD, Researcher (postdoc) of research data management, Researcher (postdoc) of the Department of Mathematics and Geosciences

Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57222726276

Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/AGE-9594-2022

Google Scholar ID: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Vmoen8UAAAAJ

P/O 513 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands 

Trieste, Italy

cgallese@liuc.itЭйндховенский технологический университет; Университет ТриестаНидерландыEindhoven University of Technology; University of TriesteNetherlands20232006202312314–336Copyright © Gallese Nobile C., 20232023Галлезе-Нобиле К.Gallese Nobile C.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/182Objective

Objective: the rapid expansion of the use of telemedicine in clinical practice and the increasing use of Artificial Intelligence has raised many privacy issues and concerns among legal scholars. Due to the sensitive nature of the data involved particular attention should be paid to the legal aspects of those systems. This article aimed to explore the legal implication of the use of Artificial Intelligence in the field of telemedicine, especially when continuous learning and automated decision-making systems are involved; in fact, providing personalized medicine through continuous learning systems may represent an additional risk. Particular attention is paid to vulnerable groups, such as children, the elderly, and severely ill patients, due to both the digital divide and the difficulty of expressing free consent.

Methods

Methods: comparative and formal legal methods allowed to analyze current regulation of the Artificial Intelligence and set up its correlations with the regulation on telemedicine, GDPR and others.

Results

Results: legal implications of the use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine, especially when continuous learning and automated decision-making systems are involved were explored; author concluded that providing personalized medicine through continuous learning systems may represent an additional risk and offered the ways to minimize it. Author also focused on the issues of informed consent of vulnerable groups (children, elderly, severely ill patients).

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: existing risks and issues that are arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine with particular attention to continuous learning systems are explored.

Practical significance

Practical significance: results achieved in this paper can be used for lawmaking process in the sphere of use of Artificial Intelligence in telemedicine and as base for future research in this area as well as contribute to limited literature on the topic.

Цель

Цель: стремительное распространение телемедицины в клинической практике и возрастающая роль искусственного интеллекта ставят перед юристами множество проблем относительно охраны неприкосновенности частной жизни. Повышенная сензитивность данных в этой области заставляет уделить особое внимание правовым аспектам таких систем. В статье исследуются правовые последствия использования искусственного интеллекта в телемедицине, в частности, систем непрерывного обучения и автоматизированного принятия решений; фактически оказание персонализированных медицинских услуг через системы непрерывного обучения может представлять дополнительный риск. Особого внимания заслуживают уязвимые группы населения – дети, пожилые люди и тяжелобольные пациенты – как по причине цифрового неравенства, так и из-за сложностей с выражением своего согласия.

Методы

Методы: сравнительно-правовые и формально-правовые методы исследования позволили проанализировать текущее состояние регулирования искусственного интеллекта и выявить его соотношение с нормами регулирования телемедицины, Общим регламентом ЕС по защите персональных данных и другими нормами.

Результаты

Результаты: изучены правовые последствия использования искусственного интеллекта в телемедицине, в частности, систем непрерывного обучения и автоматизированного принятия решений; автор приходит к выводу, что оказание персонализированных медицинских услуг через системы непрерывного обучения представляет дополнительные риски, и предлагает пути их минимизации. Автор также уделяет особое внимание вопросам информированного согласия уязвимых групп населения (детей, пожилых, тяжелобольных).

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: изучены актуальные риски и проблемы, возникающие в сфере использования искусственного интеллекта в телемедицине, при этом особое внимание уделено системам непрерывного обучения.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: полученные результаты восполняют недостаток научных исследований по данной теме, могут быть использованы в законодательном процессе в сфере использования искусственного интеллекта в телемедицине, а также в качестве основы для будущих исследований в данной области.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.