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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">digitallaw</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Journal of Digital Technologies and Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-2483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21202/jdtl.2023.7</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ZENNZF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">digitallaw-151</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Concepts of Work: from Traditional Social-Labor Ideas to Modern Effects of Digital Transformation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Концепция труда: от традиционных социально-трудовых представлений к современным эффектам цифровой трансформации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4024-5833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рицу</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Riczu</surname><given-names>Zs.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>София Рицу – аспирант кафедры аграрного и трудового права</p><p>Университетский городок, г. Мишкольц</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zsoﬁa Riczu – PhD candidate, Faculty of Law, Agricultural and Labour Law Department</p><p>Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Miskolc</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jogriczu@uni-miskolc.hu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0359-6538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелипатаки</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melypataki</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Габор Мелипатаки – доцент, профессор кафедры аграрного и трудового права</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/226288" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/226288; </ext-link>Scopus Author ID:<ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57220559340" ext-link-type="uri"> https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57220559340; </ext-link></p><p>Google Scholar ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=ivnh_csAAAAJ" ext-link-type="uri">https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=ivnh_csAAAAJ</ext-link></p><p>Университетский городок, г. Мишкольц</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gabor Melypataki – Assistant professor, Faculty of Law, Agricultural and Labour Law Department</p><p>Web of Science Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/226288" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/226288; </ext-link>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57220559340" ext-link-type="uri">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57220559340; </ext-link> Google Scholar ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=ivnh_csAAAAJ" ext-link-type="uri">https://scholar.google.ru/citations?user=ivnh_csAAAAJ</ext-link></p><p>Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Miskolc</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jogmega@uni-miskolc.hu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7995-6707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мате</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mate</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дэвид Адриан Мате – аспирант кафедры аграрного и трудового права</p><p>Университетский городок, г. Мишкольц</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>David Adrian Mate – PhD candidate, University of Miskolc, Faculty of Law, Agricultural and Labour Law Department</p><p>Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Miskolc</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jogmate@dot.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Мишкольца</institution><country>Венгрия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Miskolc</institution><country>Hungary</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Riczu Z., Melypataki G., Mate D.A., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рицу С., Мелипатаки Г., Мате Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Riczu Z., Melypataki G., Mate D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/151">https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/151</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: technology and digitalization play a converse role in these two fields of study of criminal sciences. On the one hand, they are used by agencies of criminal justice system in order to control, manage and prevent crime and criminals. On the other hand, criminals enjoy technology in carrying out their plans to commit crime. Thus, from the criminal sciences’ perspective, technology may be used or misused, and this is an interesting topic, and at the same time, an important research area for criminologists.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: the present article seeks to provide a descriptive-analytical discussion about digitalization of criminology and criminal justice in the light of modern technologies, internet and cyberspace. It introduces new areas and sub-disciplines including administrative criminology based upon actuarial justice and risk management/assessment theory, cyber criminology and cyber victimology, as two sub-disciplines of the new century, and algorithmic or computational criminology, as one of the latest area in criminal sciences, which all are influenced by digitalization and technology.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: authors concluded that due to the digitalization atypical work emerges but legislator defines the scope of work regulated by law and that makes atypical work relationship becomes a typical work relationship. At the same time some areas fall into the gray zone. To fix that legislator should provide an interpretation that will not become empty in a year or two due to technological changes.</p></sec><sec><title>Scientiﬁc novelty</title><p>Scientiﬁc novelty: the applicability of technology and digitalization in criminology and criminal justice has widely increased and developed, specifically since the beginning of the third millennium.</p></sec><sec><title>Practical signiﬁcance</title><p>Practical signiﬁcance: digitalization and Technology has become increasingly important to criminology and criminal justice at both the theory and practice within the sphere of social and criminal sciences. The nature and types of crime and criminals, and also the methods and mechanisms of control and preventing them in the light of requirements of criminal policy and criminal justice are highly dependent upon technology and digitalization.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: переосмысление сложившейся концепции труда, эволюционирующей под влиянием классических научных парадигм и радикальных цифровых и технологических трансформаций социальных отношений в условиях сложившегося концептуального многообразия и неопределенности.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: ретроспективный и сравнительный правовой анализ, лежащий в основе проведенного исследования, позволил рассмотреть сложившиеся подходы к пониманию труда с учетом реалий современной ситуации в разных странах и наблюдаемых в них цифровых эффектов, приводящих к цифровизации и технологизации труда, изменениям отношений в сфере занятости, а соответственно, к изменениям трудового права и трудовым правоотношениям.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: авторы показали проблемы регулирования трудовых отношений в новых условиях и предложили их решения; выявили причинно-следственную связь между цифровизацией (в частности, развитием цифровой экономики и технологическими новациями) и появлением нетипичных форм труда и занятости, которые в результате деятельности законодателя, регулирующего возникающие отношения в новых условиях, переводящую их из разряда нетипичных в типичные трудовые отношения, а для тех ситуаций, которые оказываются в «серой зоне» правового регулирования, – дающую такое толкование юридическим нормам, которое не потеряет свое значение в период обозримых технологических изменений; определили возрастающую значимость труда в процессе цифровизации и существенное влияние трудового права на регулирование в сфере нетипичного труда, несмотря на имеющуюся критику.</p></sec><sec><title>Научная новизна</title><p>Научная новизна: рассмотрены актуальные дискуссионные вопросы, получившие новый импульс в связи с цифровым развитием общественных отношений и проявившихся цифровых эффектов, в результате которых появились новые типы и методы найма, что побуждает к пересмотру дуальной модели отношений найма, изменениям границ ранее выраженной дихотомии между работодателем и предпринимателем.</p></sec><sec><title>Практическая значимость</title><p>Практическая значимость: трансформация концепции труда обусловливает пересмотр традиционных правовых и основных научных подходов, ранее сложившихся в исследовании труда и занятости, на основе учета современной трансформации общественных отношений и труда, их цифровизации и технологизации.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>занятость</kwd><kwd>концепция труда</kwd><kwd>нетипичный труд</kwd><kwd>социальная политика</kwd><kwd>труд</kwd><kwd>трудовое право</kwd><kwd>трудовые правоотношения</kwd><kwd>цифровизация</kwd><kwd>цифровые платформы</kwd><kwd>цифровые технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>atypical work</kwd><kwd>concept of work</kwd><kwd>definition of work</kwd><kwd>digitization</kwd><kwd>importance of work</kwd><kwd>social legal challenges</kwd><kwd>social policy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bamel, U., Kumar, S., Lim, W. 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