digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2023.5RIZOKSdigitallaw-149Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИDigital Assets: Legal Regulation and Estimation of RisksЦифровые активы: правовое регулирование и оценка рисковhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1366-5074МурадянС. В.MuradyanS. V.

Мурадян Светлана Владимировна – кандидат юридических наук, заместитель начальника кафедры противодействия преступлениям в сфере информационно-телекоммуникационных  технологий

Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/34838406; 

Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57917943100

РИНЦ Author ID: https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=694064

117437, г. Москва, ул. Академика Волгина

Svetlana V. Muradyan – PhD (Law), Deputy Head of the Department for Counteracting Crimes in the sphere of Information-communication Technologies

Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/34838406; Scopus Author ID: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri7authorId=57917943100 RSCI Author ID: https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=694064

12 Akademika Volgina Str., 117437 Moscow

lanamuradyan@gmail.comМосковский университет Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации имени В. Я. КикотяРоссияVladimir Kikot Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of RussiaRussian Federation20231003202311123151Copyright © Muradyan S.V., 20232023Мурадян С.В.Muradyan S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/149Objective

Objective: to substantiate the need to create a universal mechanism of legal regulation of digital currencies and tokenized assets, based on a uniform categorization of digital assets and the author’s interpretation of the conception of digital assets risk, in order to ensure their safe circulation with legal means and effective development of the global digital economy in the future.

Methods

Methods: the research was carried out with a combination of cognition techniques of various levels: from philosophical to private scientific; the key position among them belongs to a systemic approach, a comparative legal method and a formal-juridical analysis of normative materials.

Results

Results: the present research lays the conceptual basis for building a global system of legal regulation of digital assets circulation and facilitates identifying and resolving the key issues, necessarily emerging in the analysis of the current mechanisms of legal regulation at national level and in the estimation of various types of digital assets.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: consists in a comprehensive consideration of the essence and features of the legal nature of various types of digital assets, possessing, alongside with significant advantages, high risks from legal and financial viewpoints. Based on contradictory approaches and revealed gaps in the legal regulation of various types of digital assets, the author proposes a uniform categorization of digital assets, substantiates the concept of digital assets risk, attempts to substantiate the need to create a universal mechanism of legal regulation of digital currencies and tokenized assets, which would allow forming an effective system of means to protect property right to them and ensure safety of their circulation.

Practical significance

Practical significance: is due to the current absence of a unified approach and a possibility to apply the existing legal norms in relation to innovative digital assets, taking into account their specificity, despite their trans-border character. The main provision and conclusions of the research can be used to improve the mechanisms of legal regulation of digital assets circulation.

Цель

Цель: обоснование необходимости создания основанного на единообразной категоризации цифровых активов и авторского понимания концепции риска цифровых активов унифицированного механизма правового регулирования цифровых валют и токенизированных активов для обеспечения безопасности их оборота правовыми средствами и эффективного развития в будущем цифровой экономики на глобальном уровне.

Методы

Методы: исследование проводилось посредством комбинированного сочетания разноуровневых средств познания: от философских до частнонаучных, ключевое место среди которых отводится системному подходу, методу сравнительного правоведения и формально-юридическому анализу нормативного материала.

Результаты

Результаты: представленное исследование закладывает концептуальную основу построения глобальной системы правового регулирования оборота цифровых активов и способствует определению и решению ключевых вопросов, которые необходимо возникают при анализе действующих механизмов правового регулирования на национальном уровне и оценке законности различных видов цифровых активов.

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: заключается в комплексном рассмотрении сущности и особенностей правовой природы различных видов цифровых активов, обладающих наряду с существенными преимуществами высокими рисками как с правовой, так и с финансовой точек зрения. На основе противоречивых подходов и выявленных пробелов в правовом регулировании различных видов цифровых активов автором предлагается единообразная категоризация цифровых активов, обосновывается концепция риска цифровых активов, предпринимается попытка обоснования необходимости создания унифицированного механизма правового регулирования цифровых валют и токенизированных активов, что позволит сформировать эффективную систему способов защиты права собственности на них и обеспечить безопасность их оборота.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: обусловлена отсутствием в настоящее время унифицированного подхода и возможности применения действующих правовых норм в отношении инновационных цифровых активов, учитывающих их специфику, несмотря на их трансграничный характер. Основные положения и выводы исследования могут быть использованы для совершенствования механизмов правового регулирования оборота цифровых активов.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.