digitallawJournal of Digital Technologies and LawJournal of Digital Technologies and Law2949-2483Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov10.21202/jdtl.2023.4WNRAOEdigitallaw-148Research ArticleARTICLESСТАТЬИMedical nanorobots in the focus of lawМедицинские нанороботы в фокусе праваhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4108-6379ГуляеваП. С.GulyaevaP. S.

Гуляева Полина Сергеевна – аспирант

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РИНЦ Author lD: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1002457117218

г. Москва, ул. Б. Черемушкинская, 34

Polina S. Gulyaeva – Post-graduate student

Web of Science Researcher ID: https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/HKV-7341-2023; Google Scholar ID: ;  RSCI Author lD: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1002457

34 Bolshaya Cheremushkinskaya Str., 117218 Moscow

polina-gulyaeva2016@bk.ruИнститут законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве Российской ФедерацииРоссияInstitute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian FederationRussian Federation2023100320231189122Copyright © Gulyaeva P.S., 20232023Гуляева П.С.Gulyaeva P.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.lawjournal.digital/jour/article/view/148Objective

Objective: to form doctrinal bases and mechanics of legal regulation of using medical nanorobots; to conceptualize the idea of nanorobotics law within the frameworks of its basic definitions, safety norms, risks, typology of devices, and legal parameters of technological terminology.

Methods

Methods: the cognition tools are represented in the form of integration between general scientific and modern special legal methods (including the methods of comparative legal studies, legal modeling and juridical forecasting, NBICS-convergence), which, taken as a whole, allow distinguishing in the study object not only juridical proper, but also anthropological, biomedical, informational, and mechanistic research projections.

Results

Results: the author’s definition of the medical nanorobot concept was formulated; the legal content and quasi-legal aspects of the definition that are important for the theoretical and applied development of terminology were investigated; the signs of related concepts (biomedical robot, nanorobotic system, medical nanorobotic system) were identified and logical connections between them were established; the classification of the main types of risks associated with the practical use of medical nanorobots was carried out; the list of theoretical and legal contradictions that are potentially capable of negatively affecting the future development of regulatory practice was revealed; the Russian and foreign experience of legal regulation and doctrinal understanding of the problems of medical nanorobotics (by the examples of the USA, Japan, Europe, China) was considered.

Scientific novelty

Scientific novelty: under the lack of interdisciplinary research, an attempt was made to comprehensively consider the concept of a medical nanorobot in a technological, legal and communicative way (“human robot” on a nanoscale) based on the advanced scientific research that defines the foundations of the future nanorobotic law. It is recommended to supplement the synergetic development of biomedical and related technologies, reflected in the models of robot law and robot ethics, with relatively independent concepts of nanorobot law and nanorobot ethics.

Practical significance

Practical significance: based on the analysis of the legal regulation system in force in Russia and abroad, mechanisms for improving domestic legislation were identified, including taking into account the achievements of juridical crowdsourcing. Within the framework of socio-humanitarian issues, a contribution to the development of legal, sociological, and psychological science is formed. A scientific and methodological basis was prepared for further legal research and law-making activities in the field of medical nanorobotics.

Цели

Цели: формирование доктринальных основ и механики правового регулирования применения медицинских нанороботов, концептуализация идеи наноробототехнического права в границах его базовых дефиниций, норм безопасности, рисков, типологии устройств, юридических параметров технологических терминов.

Методы

Методы: познавательный инструментарий представлен в виде интеграции общенаучных и современных специальных юридических методов (в том числе методов сравнительного правоведения, правового моделирования и юридического прогнозирования, NBICS-конвергенции), в совокупности позволяющих выделить в объекте изучения не только собственно правовые, но и антропологические, биомедицинские, информационные, механистические исследовательские проекции.

Результаты

Результаты: сформулировано авторское определение понятия медицинского наноробота; исследовано правовое содержание и квазиправовые аспекты дефиниции, имеющие значение для теоретического и прикладного развития терминологии; выявлены признаки смежных понятий (биомедицинский робот, наноробототехническая система, медицинская наноробототехническая система), и установлены логические связи между ними; проведена классификация основных видов рисков, связанных с практическим применением медицинских нанороботов; выявлен перечень теоретико-правовых противоречий, которые потенциально способны негативно повлиять на будущее развитие регуляторной практики; рассмотрен отечественный и зарубежный опыт правовой регламентации и доктринального осмысления проблем медицинской наноробототехники (на примере США, Японии, Европы, Китая).

Научная новизна

Научная новизна: в условиях междисциплинарного научно-исследовательского вакуума предпринята попытка комплексного рассмотрения понятия медицинского наноробота в технологическом, юридическом и коммуникативном ключе («робот-человек» в наномасштабе) на базе передовых научных изысканий, определяющих основы будущего наноробототехнического права. Синергетическое развитие биомедицинских и смежных технологий, отраженное в моделях робоправа и робоэтики, рекомендовано дополнить относительно самостоятельными концептами наноробоправа и наноробоэтики.

Практическая значимость

Практическая значимость: на основе анализа действующей в России и за рубежом системы правового регулирования определены механизмы совершенствования отечественного законодательства, в том числе с учетом достижений правового краудсорсинга. В рамках социогуманитарной проблематики формируется вклад в развитие правовой, социологической, психологической науки. Подготовлена научно-методологическая база для дальнейших юридических исследований и правотворческой деятельности в сфере медицинской наноробототехники.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.